ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A road to ethics: a new experience of retraction
Every journal finds its fundamentals in the course of time by the validity and originality of its published literature. This is validated if authors keep diligence and honesty when they conduct their research and submit their work in a journal. But at times what comes out of a scientific research is not always valid and reliable because there has not been an appropriate control on the work or researchers did not thoroughly conduct and report the results. Thus, it is very important that journals keep an increasingly close eye for the detection of scientific misconduct.
http://www.jept.ir/article_9892_c3bffabeef90aeb25adbc1fdd3e893dd.pdf
2016-01-01
1
2
10.15171/jept.2015.04
Ethics
Retraction
Scientific journals
Misconduct
Hafez
Mohammadhassanzadeh
1
Cardiovascular Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Amin
Beigzadeh
beigzadeh.amin@gmail.com
2
Research Centre for Health Services Management, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences,kerman,Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehrdad
Nazarieh
3
Department of English Language, Faculty of Foreign Languages, Kerman Institute of Higher Education, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Enserink M. Scientific ethics. Fraud-detection tool could shake up psychology. Science 2012; 337(6090): 21-2.
1
2. Hein J, Zobrist R, Konrad C, Schuepfer G. Scientific fraud in 20 falsified anesthesia papers: detection using financial auditing methods. Anaesthesist 2012; 61(6): 543-9.
2
3. Kumar MN. Dealing with misconduct in biomedical research: a review of the problems and the proposed methods for improvement. Account Res 2009; 16(6): 307-30.
3
4. Miller DR. Publication fraud: implications to the individual and to the specialty. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2011; 24(2): 154-9.
4
5. Schupfer G, Hein J, Casutt M, Steiner L, Konrad C. [From financial to scientific fraud: methods to detect discrepancies in the medical literature]. Anaesthesist 2012; 61(6): 537-42.
5
6. Wood BD. Academic misconduct and detection. Radiol Technol 2010; 81(3): 276-9.
6
7. The Committee on Publication Ethics. Available at: http://publicationethics.org/. Accessed May 1, 2015.
7
8. Xie Y. What are the consequences of scientific misconduct? Ars Technica. http://arstechnica.com/
8
science/2008/08/what-are-the-consequences-for-scientific-misconduct/. Updated Aug 12, 2008.
9
9. Redman BK, Merz JF. Scientific Misconduct: Do the Punishments Fit the Crime? Science 2008; 321(5890): 775.
10
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparing the effects of pethidine and diclofenac suppository on patients with renal colic in the emergency department
Objective: Renal colic is a common cause of emergency room visits. Due to the spontaneous passage of more than 90% of kidney stones, treatment in the emergency department (ED) is limited to pain control. Analgesics currently used are selected based on physician experiences and various theories from different sources. The aim of this study was to compare the common drugs (pethidine and diclofenac) used for renal colic in Iran.
Methods: In this single-blinded randomized clinical trial, 90 patients with renal colic who referred to the ED of Imam Reza hospital in Kermanshah were randomly assigned to each of 3 treatments including pethidine suppository (50 mg, iv), diclofenac suppository (50 mg), and a combination of pethidine and diclofenac suppository. In this regard, the response to treatment and duration of hospitalization were compared.
Results: The best medicine to relieve pain intensity in patients under 25 years was diclofenac suppository. In patients in the age range of 25-45 years, pethidine and diclofenac were the best choice. Conversely, in patients older than 45 years, pethidine was the best treatment. We could also observe a decrease in the length of hospitalization in patients who received pethidine.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that morphine is more appropriate to control pain and reduce the length of hospitalization in patients with renal colic. Clinical Trial Registration: irct.ir Identifier: IRCT20101214538
http://www.jept.ir/article_10757_57e7f652de222f85168d1a2124fb4206.pdf
2016-01-01
3
6
10.15171/jept.2015.02
Renal colic
Emergency Department
Pain relief
Ali
Taherinia
1
Department of Emergency Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Soodeh
Shahsavari
2
Department of Biostatistics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Students Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Azadeh
Heidarpour
3
School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyyed Mohammad
Tabatabaii
4
Department of Medical Informatics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Students Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Afsson
Vahdat
5
Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Novick AC, Partin AW, Peters CA. Campbell-Walsh Urology. 10th ed. Saunders; 2011.
1
2. Salameh S, Hiller N, Antopolsky M, Ghanem F, Abramovitz Y, Stalnikowics R. Diclofenac versus tramadol in the treatment of renal colic: a prospec-tive, randomized trial. The Open Emergency Medicine Journal 2011; 4: 9-13.
2
3. Kolasani BP, Juturu J. Intramuscular ketorolac versus diclofenac in acute renal colic: a comparative study of efficacy and safety. Indian Journal of Basic & Applied Medical Research 2013; 2(8): 923-31.
3
4. Ziemba JB, Matlaga BR. Guideline of guidelines: kidney stones. BJU Int 2015; 116(2): 184-9.
4
5. Safarinejad MR. Adult urolithiasis in a population-based study in Iran: prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors. Urol Res 2007; 35(2): 73-82.
5
6. Safdar B, Degutis LC, Landry K, Vedere SR, Moscovitz HC, D’Onofrio G. Intravenous morphine plus ketorolac is superior to either drug alone for treatment of acute renal colic. Ann Emerg Med 2006; 48(2): 173-81.
6
7. Kallidonis P, Liourdi D, Liatsikos E. Medical treatment for renal colic and stone expulsion. European Urology Supplements 2011; 10(5): 415-22.
7
8. Rezakhaniha B, Safari Nezhad MR, Markazi Moghaddam N, Valimanesh HA, Abd Elahian M. The comparison of the efficay of commom pain management in acute renal colic. Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research 2004; 2(3): 381-5.
8
9. Alimohammadi H, Baratloo A, Abdalvand A, Rouhipour A, Safari S. Effects of pain relief on arterial blood o2 saturation. Trauma Mon 2014; 19(1): e14034.
9
10. Flannigan GM, Clifford RP, Carver RA, Yule AG, Madden NP, Towler JM. lndomethacin—an Alternative to Pethidine in Ureteric Colic. Br J Urol 1983; 55(1): 6-9.
10
11. Holdgate A, Pollock T. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) versus opioids for acute renal colic. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004; (1): CD004137.
11
12. Larkin GL, Peacock WF, Pearl SM, Blair GA, D’Amico F. Efficacy of ketorolac tromethamine versus meperidine in the ED treatment of acute renal colic. Am J Emerg Med 1999; 17(1): 6-10.
12
13. Ghuman J, Vadera R. Ketorolac and morphine for analgesia in acute renal colic: Is this combination more effective than monotherapy? CJEM 2008; 10(1): 66-8.
13
14. Engeler D, Schmid S, Schmid HP. The ideal analgesic treatment for acute renal colic--theory and practice. Scand J Urol Nephrol 2008; 42(2): 137-42.
14
15. Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski JS. Tintinalli’s Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011.
15
16. O’Connor A, Schug SA, Cardwell H. A comparison of the efficacy and safety of morphine and pethidine as analgesia for suspected renal colic in the emergency setting. J Accid Emerg Med 2000; 17(4): 261-4.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Identifying high and low serum-ascites albumin gradient in ascitic fluid by the point of care dipstick test
Objective: To evaluate the capability of ascitic fluid dipstick results for pH, glucose, and protein in order to predict a low serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) at the bedside of the patient in the emergency department (ED). Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted during one year in the ED of Afzalipour hospital in Kerman, Iran. All patients with diagnostic or therapeutic paracentesis of ascitic fluid were considered as eligible patients. Exclusion criteria included clinical suspicion for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), any contraindications to paracentesis, and patients’ refusal to participate in the study. Dipstick values were obtained at the bedside, and SAAG was calculated after the determination of serum and ascitic fluid albumin by laboratory. A low SAAG ascitic fluid was defined as the study outcome. We also used our study population as a test group to evaluate an equation proposed in one previous study: K = 0.012 Protein−0.012 Glucose−3.329 pH+23.498 Results: A total of 50 patients were enrolled in the study. Based on multivariate regression analysis, dipstick values for protein and glucose were independently predictive of a low SAAG ascitic fluid (P = 0.23, OR = 1.04; and P = 0.001, OR = 0.81, respectively). The formula proposed in one of the previous studies was tested by our data set, with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) at 84%, 83%, 84%, and 80%, respectively. Conclusion: Dipstick test of ascitic fluid for pH, glucose, and protein has an acceptable sensitivity and specificity as a point of care test, but it cannot be recommended as a substitute for SAAG determination based on the current findings.
http://www.jept.ir/article_10854_960e5c257cadba66396b44f4fcc3aa1b.pdf
2016-01-01
7
10
10.15171/jept.2015.03
Serum-asictes albumin gradient
Ascitic fluid
Dipstick test
Leyli
Asadabadi
lasadabadi@yahoo.com
1
Department of Emergency Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohmmad Mehdy
Heiran
2
Department of Emergency Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Amirhosein
Mirafzal
3
Department of Emergency Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Tarn AC, Lapworth R. Biochemical analysis of ascitic (peritoneal) fluid: what should we measure? Ann Clin Biochem 2010; 47(5): 397-407. doi: 10.1258/acb.2010.010048.
1
2. Mauer K, Manzione NC. Usefulness of serum-ascites albumin difference in separating transudative from exudative ascitic fluid. Dig Dis Sci 1988; 33(10):1208-12. doi:10.1258/acb.2010.010048.
2
3. Runyon BA, Montano AA, Akriviadis EA, Antillon MR, Irving MA, McHuchinson JG. The serum-ascites albumin gradient is superior to the exudate-transudate concept in the differemtial diagnosis of
3
ascites. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117(3): 215-20. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-117-3-215.
4
4. Akriviadis EA, Kapnias D, Hadjigavriel M, Mitsiou A, Goulis J. Serum/ascites albumin gradient: its value as a rational approach to the differential diagnosis of ascites. Scand J Gatroenterol 1996; 31(8): 814-7. doi: 10.3109/00365529609010358.
5
5. Mansour-Ghanaei F, Shafaghi A, Bagherzadeh AH, Fallah MS. Low gradient ascites: a seven year course review. World J Gastroentrol 2005; 11(15): 2337-9. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i15.2337.
6
6. Khan J, Pikkarainen P, Karvonen AL, Makela T, Peraaho M, Pehkonen E, et al. Asites: aetiology, mortality, and the prevalence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2009; 44(8): 970-4. doi: 10.1080/00365520902964739.
7
7. Khandwalla HE, Fasakin Y, El-Searg HB. The utility of evaluating low serum albumin gradient ascites in patients with cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol 2009; 104(6): 1401-5. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2009.117.
8
8. Parsi MA, Atreja A, Zein NN. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: recent data onincidence and treatment. Clev Clin J Med 2004; 71(7): 569-76. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.71.7.569.
9
9. Rerknimitr R, Rungsangmanoon W, Kongkam P, Kullavanijaya P. Efficacy of leukocyte esterase dipstick test as a rapid test in diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12(44): 7183-92.
10
10. Castellote J, López C, Gornals J, Tremosa G, Fariña ER, Baliellas C, et al. Rapid diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis by use of reagent strips. Hepatology 2003; 37(4): 893-9. doi: 10.1016/s0168-8278(02)80151-9.
11
11. Sapey T, Mena E, Fort E, Laurin C, Kabissa D, Runyon BA, et al. Rapid diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with leukocyte esterase reagent strips in a European and in an American center. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 20(2): 187-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-
12
1746.2004.03554.x.
13
12. Butani RC, Shaffer RT, Szyjkowsky RD, Weeks BE, Speights LG, Kadakia SC. Rapid diagnosis of infected ascitic fluid using leukocyte esterase dipstick testing. Am J Gastroenterol 2004; 99(3): 532-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.04084.x.
14
13. Bafandeh Y, Khodaei M. Evaluation of leukocyte esterase reagent strip test to detect spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients. Gastroentrol Insights 2012; 4(1): e13. doi: 10.4081/gi.2012.e13.
15
14. Nousbaum JB, Cadranel JF, Nahon P, Khac EN, Moreau R, Thèvenot T, et al.Diagnostic accuracy of the Multistix 8 SG reagent strip in diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Hepatology 2007; 45(5): 1275-81. doi: 10.1002/hep.21588.
16
15. Campillo B, Richardet JP, Dupeyron C. Diagnostic value of two reagent strips (Multistix 8 SG and Combur 2 LN) in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and symptomatic bacterascites. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 2006; 30(3): 446-52. doi:
17
10.1016/s0399-8320(06)73201-8
18
16. Heidari K, Amiri M, Kariman H, Bassiri M, Alimohammadi H, Hatamabadi HR. Differentiation of exudate from transudate ascites based on dipstick values of protein, glucose, and pH. Am J Emerg Med 2013; 31(5): 779-82. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2013.01.010
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The prevalence of low back pain among nurses working in Poursina hospital in Rasht, Iran
Objective: Low back pain is the most common skeletal disorder worldwide that 50% to 80% of people experience it at least once in their lifetime. Physical and psychological factors in the work environment can relatively contribute to low back pain. In this study, we examined the prevalence of low back pain and influential factors in its development among nursing staff. Methods: In this cross-sectional study we assessed the prevalence of low back pain among nurses working in Poursina hospital, Rasht, Iran, during March and April 2012. Demographic data and information on the status of skeletal pain, as well as, associated factors were collected using a pre-designed check list. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: A total of 350 nurses with a mean age of 32.00 ± 8.24 years (minimum 22 and maximum 56 years) were studied (90.3% female). 246 participants (70.3%) had a history of low back pain. There was no significant difference between gender and the incidence of low back pain, (P = 0.286). 96 participants (27.4%) aged 27 to 31 had the highest rate of low back pain and 11 participants (3.1%) aged 52 to 56 were the least frequent age group. Low back pain significantly differed by age (P = 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.222), and physical activity (P = 0.050). Conclusion: The results of this study showed a prevalence of 70% for low back pain among nurses working in Poursina hospital in Rasht, in Gilan province. Age, BMI, and physical activity were significantly associated with the prevalence of low back pain. However, gender, occupation, marital status, smoking, family history, frequency of lifting heavy things, work experience, and workplace did not show a significant relationship
http://www.jept.ir/article_11269_ff68cf8b0c3a3ad4f6a0f9cc9def2dee.pdf
2016-01-01
11
15
10.15171/jept.2015.01
Low back pain
Nurses
Prevalence
risk factors
payman
Asadi
1
Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht,Iran
AUTHOR
Vahid
Monsef Kasmaei
2
Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyyed Mahdi
Zia Ziabari
3
Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Behzad
Zohrevandi
4
Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Manek NJ, MacGregor A. Epidemiology of back disorders: prevalence, risk factors, and prognosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2005; 17(2):134-40.
1
2. Furlan AD, Brosseau L, Imamura M, Irvin E. Massage for low-back pain: a systematic review within the framework of the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group. Spine 2002; 27(17): 1896-910. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200209010-00017.
2
3. Andersson GB. Epidemiological features of chronic low-back pain. Lancet 1999; 354(9178): 581-5. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(99)01312-4.
3
4. Floren AE. Occupational Medicine Practice Guidelines, Evaluation and Management of Common Health Problems and Functional Recovery in Workers. ACEOM; 1997.
4
5. Forouzanfar MM, Alitaleshi H, Hashemi B, Baratloo A, Motamedi M, Majidi A, et al. Emergency nurses ‘job satisfaction and its determinants. Journal of Shahid Beheshti School of Nursing & Midwifery 2013; 23(80): 10-4. [In Persian].
5
6. Maul I, Läubli T, Klipstein A, Krueger H. Course of low back pain among nurses: a longitudinal study across eight years. Occup Environ Med 2003; 60(7): 497-503. doi: 10.1136/oem.60.7.497.
6
7. Yip VY. New low back pain in nurses: work activities, work stress and sedentary lifestyle. J Adv Nurs 2004; 46(4): 430-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03009.x.
7
8. Cunningham LS, Kelsey JL. Epidemiology of musculoskeletal impairments and associated disability. Am J Public Health 1984; 74(6): 574-9. doi: 10.2105/ajph.74.6.574.
8
9. Blue CL. Preventing back injury among nurses. Orthop Nurs 1996; 15(6): 9-20. doi: 10.1097/00006416-199611000-00009.
9
10. Sheehan JP. If you injure your back on the job. RN 1999; 62(8): 63-6.
10
11. Leggat PA, Kedjarune U, Smith DR. Occupational health problems in modern dentistry: a review. Ind Healt 2007; 45(5): 611-21. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.45.611.
11
12. Lindfors P, Von Thiele U, Lundberg U. Work characteristics and upper extremity disorders in female dental health workers. J Occup Health 2006; 48(3): 192-7. doi: 10.1539/joh.48.192.
12
13. Chowanadisai S, Kukiattrakoon B, Yapong B, Kedjarune U, Leggat PA. Occupational health problems of dentists in southern Thailand. Int Dent J 2000; 50(1): 36-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1875-595x.2000.tb00544.x.
13
14. Marshall ED, Duncombe LM, Robinson RQ, Kilbreath SL. Musculoskeletal symptoms in new south wales dentists. Aust Dent J1997; 42(4): 240-6.
14
15. Oleinick A, Gluck JV, Guire KE. Factors affecting first return to work following a compensable occupational back injury. Am J Ind Med 1996; 30(5): 540-55.
15
16. Ramazani Badr F, Nikbakht A, Mohammadpour A. Low-back pain prevalence and its risk factors in nurses. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research 2006; 1(2): 37-42. [In Persian].
16
17. Bejia I, Younes M, Jamila HB, Khalfallah T, Salem KB, Touzi M, et al. Prevalence and factors associated to low back pain among hospital staff. Joint Bone Spine 2005; 72(3): 254-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2004.06.001.
17
18. Violante FS, Fiori M, Fiorentini C, Risi A, Garagnani G, Bonfiglioli R, et al. Associations of psychosocial and individual factors with three different categories of back disorder among nursing staff. J Occup Health 2004; 46(2): 100-8. doi: 10.1539/joh.46.100.
18
19. Smedley J, Egger P, Cooper C, Coggon D. Manual handling activities and risk of low back pain in nurses. Occup Environ Med 1995; 52(3): 160-3. doi: 10.1136/oem.52.3.160.
19
20. Lorusso A, Bruno S, L’abbate N. A review of low back pain and musculoskeletal disorders among Italian nursing personnel. Ind Health 2007; 45(5): 637-44. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.45.637.
20
21. Marena C, Gervino D, Pistorio A, Azzaretti S, Chiesa P, Lodola L, et al. Epidemiologic study on the prevalence of low back pain in health personnel exposed to manual handling tasks. G Ital Med Lav Ergon 1997; 19(3): 89-95. [In Italian]
21
22. Mandel JH, Lohman W. Low back pain in nurses: the relative importance of medical history, work factors, exercise, and demographics. Res Nurs Health 1987; 10(3): 165-70. doi: 10.1002/nur.4770100308.
22
23. Martinelli S, Artioli G, Vinceti M, Bergomi M, Bussolanti N, Camellini R, et al. Low back pain risk in nurses and its prevention. Prof Inferm 2004; 57(4): 238-42. [In Italian].
23
24. Stubbs DA, Buckle PW, Hudson MP, Rivers PM, Worringham CJ. Back pain in the nursing profession. I. Epidemiology and pilot methodology. Ergonomics 1983; 26(8): 755-65.
24
25. Ostgaard H, Andersson G, Karlsson K. Prevalence of back pain in pregnancy. Spine 1991; 16(5): 549-52.
25
26. Von Korff M, Saunders K. The course of back pain in primary care. Spine 1996; 21(24): 2833-7.
26
27. Worku Z. Prevalence of low-back pain in Lesotho mothers. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2000; 23(3): 147-54.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Patient satisfaction in the emergency department: a case of Sina hospital in Tabriz
Objective: Patient satisfaction is one of the most important indicators for measuring the quality of emergency services and health care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patients’ satisfaction in the emergency department (ED) of Sina hospital. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed during one month in Sina hospital in 2014. Data were collected by a questionnaire which its validity and reliability were confirmed in previous studies. The questionnaire consisted of 2 parts. Part 1 included the demographic characteristics and part 2 encompassed the scales of satisfactory. Data analysis was conducted by SPSS version 15. Results: Totally, 425 patients participated in this study. The mean age of patients was 41.6±17.6 years. The mean total score of patient satisfaction was 17.43±1.56. The maximum satisfaction was related to the knowledge of physicians and the minimum satisfaction was related to the remaining period in the ED. Additionally, there was a desirable satisfaction for nurses’ performances. In terms of satisfaction regarding the physical environment and the workflow of the ED, the results were moderate. There was a significant statistical difference regarding nurses and physicians behavior in the ED during different working shifts, vacation days, and workdays. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, patients had good satisfaction for the received services in the ED. It is necessary to develop physical spaces and improve the workflow of patients in the ED.
http://www.jept.ir/article_11271_150d75b9cf8ba196231f53090639a2e9.pdf
2016-01-01
15
20
10.15171/jept.2015.06
Satisfaction
Emergency Department
Hospital
Maryam
Eshghi
eshghi.maryam19891@gmail.com
1
Department of Internal Medicine, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Farzad
Rahmani
rahmanif@tbzmed.ac.ir
2
Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Behjat
Derakhti
derakhteibehjat@ymail.com
3
Department of Emergency Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Fariba
Abdollahi
abdollahi138@gmail.com
4
Department of Emergency Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Shahrad
Tajoddini
tajadinishahrad@hotmail.com
5
Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Sheikhi MR, Javadi A. Patients’ satisfaction of medical services in Qazvin education hospitals. The Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences and Health Services 2004; 7(5): 62-6. [In Persian].
1
2. Feied CF, Smith MS, Handler JA, Kanhouwa M. Emergency medicine can play a leadership role in enterprise-wide clinical information systems. Ann Emerg Med 2000; 35(2): 162-7.
2
3. Hall MF, Press I. Keys to patient satisfaction in the emergency department: results of a multiple facility study. Hosp Health Serv Adm 1996; 41(4): 515-32.
3
4. Sullivan M. The new subjective medicine: taking the patient’s point of view on health care and health. Soc Sci Med 2003; 56(7):1595-604.
4
5. Jackson JL, Chamberlin J, Kroenke K. Predictors of patient satisfaction. Soc Sci Med 2001; 52(4): 609-20.
5
6. Traverso ML, Salamano M, Botta C, Colautti M, Palchik V, Pérez B. Questionnaire to assess patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical care in Spanish language. Int J Qual Health Care 2007; 19(4): 217-24.
6
7. Soleimanpour H, Gholipouri C, Salarilak S, Raoufi P, Vahidi RG, Rouhi AJ, et al. Emergency department patient satisfaction survey in Imam Reza hospital, Tabriz, Iran. Int J Emerg Med 2011; 4: 2. doi: 10.1186/1865-1380-1-2
7
8. Zahmatkesh H, Hajimoradloo N, Kazemi Malekmahmoodi S, Khoddam H. The assessment of patients satisfaction of hospital emergency department-Golestan, Iran. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences 2010; 12(3): 92-6. [In Persian].
8
9. Boudreaux ED, Mandry CV, Wood K. Patient satisfaction data as a quality indicator: a tale of two emergency departments. Acad Emerg Med 2003; 10(3): 261-8.
9
10. Trout A, Magnusson AR, Hedges JR. Patient satisfaction investigations and the emergency department. What does the literature say? Acad Emerg Med 2000; 7(6): 695-709.
10
11. Blumenthal D. Part 1: Quality of care--what is it? N Engl J Med 1996; 335(12): 891-94.
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12. McKinley RK, Roberts C. Patient satisfaction with out of hours primary medical care. Qual Health Care 2001; 10(1): 23-28. doi: 10.1136/qhc.10.1.23.
12
13. Carrasquillo O, Orav EJ, Brennan TA, Burstin HR. Impact of language barriers on patient satisfaction in an emergency department. J Gen Intern Med 1999; 14(2): 82-7.
13
14. Lau FL. Can communication skills workshops for emergency department doctors improve patient satisfaction? J Accid Emerg Med 2000; 17(4): 251-3. doi: 10.1136/emj.17.4.251.
14
15. Fenton JJ, Jerant AF, Bertakis KD, Franks P. The cost of satisfaction: a national study of patient satisfaction, health care utilization, expenditures, and mortality. Arch Intern Med 2012; 172(5): 405-11. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2011.1662.
15
16. Omidvari S, Shahidzadeh Mahani A, Montazeri A, Azin SA, Harirchi AM, Soori H, et al. Patient satisfaction with emergency departments. Payesh Journal 2008; 7(2):141-152. [In Persian].
16
17. Kinnersley P, Anderson E, Parry K, Clement J, Archard L, Turton P, et al. Randomised controlled trial of nurse practitioner versus general practitioner care for patients requesting “same day” consultations in primary care. BMJ 2000; 320(7241): 1043-8.
17
18. McKinley RK, Stevenson K, Adams S, Manku-Scott TK. Meeting patient expectations of care: the major determinant of satisfaction with out-of-hours primary medical care? Fam Pract 2002; 19(4): 333-8.
18
19. Bryan-Brown CW, Dracup K. Outcomes, endpoints, and expectations. Am J Crit Care 1996; 5(2): 87-9.
19
20. Jennings N, Lee G, Chao K, Keating S. A survey of patient satisfaction in a metropolitan Emergency Department: comparing nurse practitioners and emergency physicians. Int J Nurs Pract 2009; 15(3): 213-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-172X.2009.01746.x.
20
21. Sarchami R, Sheikhi MR. Patient’s satisfaction of quality services in emergency departments. The Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences 2001; 5(2): 64-8. [In Persian].
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Efficacy measurement of ketorolac in reducing the severity of headache
Objective: One of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) named as ketorolac is frequently used to relieve acute pain. Current study was conducted with the aim of ketorolac efficacy measurement as a pain killer agent for controlling the primary headache in emergency departments. Methods: In this study, we enrolled 50 patients with primary headache who received 60 mg ketorolac intravenously as a slow infusion in about 10 minutes. Pain scores were evaluated with visual analog scale (VAS) on arrival and also 1 hour and 2 hours after ketorolac infusion. Statistical analysis was performed on collected data by using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests to assess the differences in VAS pain scores. Results: Decreasing the VAS more than 3 points from the arrival until 1 hour (P < 0.001), and more than 5 points from the arrival until 2 hours after ketorolac administration (P < 0.001) were seen. Those with history of analgesic use before admission in emergency department in comparison with the others did not accompany with more decline in pain score after 1 hour (P = 0.34) or 2 hours (P = 0.92). Conclusion: It seems that ketorolac is assured, safe and well tolerated agent for pain control in patients presented with primary headache to the emergency departments. Based on the results achieved in this study, ketorolac illustrates its perceptible effects within 1 hour after administration that even more prominent after 2 hours.
http://www.jept.ir/article_12012_01bb7a682949996b4e1106b6f19412c1.pdf
2016-01-01
21
24
10.15171/jept.2015.18
Ketorolac
Headache
Pain management
Emergency medicine
Alireza
Baratloo
1
Department of Emergency Medicine, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Marzieh
Amiri
2
Department of Emergency Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Anzali, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Mehdi
Forouzanfar
3
Department of Emergency Medicine, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Sadegh
Hasani
4
Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Hospital,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Samar
Fouda
5
Faculty of medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Negida
6
Faculty of medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Frishberg BM. Neuroimaging in presumed primary headache disorders. Semin Neurol 1997; 17(4): 373-82.
1
2. Davis CP, Torre PR, Williams C, Gray C, Barrett K, Krucke G, et al. Ketorolac versus meperidine-plus-promethazine treatment of migraine headache: evaluations by patients. Am J Emerg Med 1995; 13(2): 146-50.
2
3. Kasmaei HD, Baratloo A, Soleymani M. A 33-year-old woman with severe postpartum headache. Emergency 2013; 1(1): 27-9.
3
4. Silberstein SD. Practice parameter: evidence-based guidelines for migraine headache (an evidence-based review) report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2000; 55(6): 754-62. doi: 10.1212/WNL.55.6.754.
4
5. Snow V, Weiss K, Wall EM, Mottur-Pilson C. Pharmacologic management of acute attacks of migraine and prevention of migraine headache. Ann Intern Med 2002; 137(10): 840-9. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-137-10-200211190-00014.
5
6. Baratloo A, Negida A, El Ashal G, Behnaz N. Intravenous caffeine for the treatment of acute migraine: a pilot study. J Caffeine Res 2015; 5(3): 125-9. doi: 10.1089/jcr.2015.0004.
6
7. Pergolizzi JV, Taylor R, Raffa RB. Intranasal ketorolac as part of a multimodal approach to postoperative pain. Pain Pract 2015; 15(4): 378-88. doi: 10.1111/papr.12239.
7
8. Figueroa-Balderas L, Franco-Lopez F, Flores-Álvarez E, López-Rodríguez J, Vázquez-García J, Barba-Valadez C. [Reduction of omalgia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: clinical randomized trial ketorolac vs ketorolac and acetazolamide]. Cir Cir 2013; 81(5):
8
368-72. [In Spanish].
9
9. Schleiffarth JR, Bayon R, Chang KE, Van Daele DJ, Pagedar NA. Ketorolac after free tissue transfer a comparative effectiveness study. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2014; 123(6): 446-9.
10
10. Iorno V, Landi L, Di Pasquale R, Cicenia S, Moschini V. Comparison of intravenous ketorolac with or without paracetamol in postoperative pain control following ambulatory surgery. Curr Med Res Opin 2013; 29(12): 1685-90. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2013.835256
11
11. Beltrán-Montoya J, Herrerias-Canedo T, Arzola-Paniagua A, Vadillo-Ortega F, Dueñas-Garcia OF, Rico-Olvera H. A randomized, clinical trial of ketorolac tromethamine vs ketorolac trometamine plus complex B vitamins for cesarean delivery analgesia. Saudi J Anaesth 2012; 6(3): 207-12. doi: 10.4103/1658-354X.101209.
12
12. Buckley MM, Brogden RN. Ketorolac. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential. Drugs 1990; 39(1): 86-109. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199039010-00008.
13
13. Catapano MS. The analgesic efficacy of ketorolac for acute pain. J Emerg Med 1996; 14(1): 67-75. doi: 10.1016/0736-4679(95)02052-7.
14
14. Innes G, Croskerry P, Worthington J, Beveridge R, Jones D. Ketorolac versus acetaminophen-codeine in the emergency department treatment of acute low back pain. J Emerg Med 1998; 16(4): 549-56. doi: 10.1016/S0736-4679(98)00044-4/
15
15. Gillis JC, Brogden RN. Ketorolac. A reappraisal of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in pain management. Drugs 1997; 53(1): 139-88.
16
16. Hamel E. Current concepts of migraine pathophysiology. Can J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 6 Suppl A: 9A-14A.
17
17. Williamson DJ, Hargreaves RJ. Neurogenic inflammation in the context of migraine. Microsc Res Tech 2001; 53(3): 167-78. doi: 10.1002/jemt.1081.
18
18. Kasmaei HD, Baratloo A, Nasiri Z, Soleymani M, Shirafkan A, Hamedi ZS. Report of nineteen cerebral vein thrombosis referrals to an emergency department: a case series and literature review. Arch Neurosci 2015; 2(2): e20552. doi: 10.5812/archneurosci.20552.
19
19. Alimohammadi H, Baratloo A, Abdalvand A, Rouhipour A, Safari S. Effects of pain relief on arterial blood o2saturation. Trauma Mon 2014; 19(1): e14034. doi: 10.5812/traumamon.14034.
20
20. Harden RN, Carter TD, Gilman CS, Gross AJ, Peters JR. Ketorolac in acute headache management. Headache 1991; 31(7): 463-64. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.1991.hed3107463.x
21
21. Meredith JT, Wait S, Brewer KL. A prospective double-blind study of nasal sumatriptan versus IV ketorolac in migraine. Am J Emerg Med 2003; 21(3): 173-5. doi: 10.1016/S0735-6757(02)42256-5.
22
22. Harden RN, Rogers D, Fink K, Gracely RH. Controlled trial of ketorolac in tension‐type headache. Neurology 1998; 50(2): 507-9. doi: 10.1212/WNL.50.2.507.
23
23. Harden RN, Gracely RH, Carter T, Warner G. The placebo effect in acute headache management: ketorolac, meperidine, and saline in the emergency department. Headache 1996; 36(6): 352-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1526-4610.1996.3606352.x.
24
24. Wright JM, Price SD, Watson WA. NSAID use and efficacy in the emergency department: single doses of oral ibuprofen versus intramuscular ketorolac. Ann Pharmacother 1994; 28(3): 309-12.
25
25. Davis CP, Torre PR, Schafer NC, Dave B, Bass B. Ketorolac as a rapid and effective treatment of migraine headache: evaluations by patients. Am J Emerg Med 1993; 11(6): 573-5. doi: 10.1016/0735-6757(93)90003-T.
26
26. Friedman BW, Garber L, Yoon A, Solorzano C, Wollowitz A, Esses D, et al. Randomized trial of IV valproate vs metoclopramide vs ketorolac for acute migraine. Neurology 2014; 82(11): 976-83. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000223.
27
27. Friedman BW, Adewunmi V, Campbell C, Solorzano C, Esses D, Bijur PE, et al. A randomized trial of intravenous ketorolac versus intravenous metoclopramide plus diphenhydramine for tension-type and all nonmigraine, noncluster recurrent headaches. Ann Emerg Med 2013; 62(4): 311-18.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2013.03.017.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Standardized patients versus simulated patients in medical education: are they the same or different
In order to equip medical students with all the necessary skills in dealing with patients to provide optimal treatment, the need for the use of real patients in educational settings has become prominent. But all the required skills cannot be practiced on real patients due to patients’ safety and well-being. Thus, the use of standardized patients (SPs) or simulated patients (SiPs) as a substitute for real patients signifies their importance in simulation-based medical education. One question raised in regard to using SPs or SiPs in order to enhance medical students’ tangible and intangible skills in a safe controlled environment is whether these two terminologies are the same or different? Various studies use these terms interchangeably and do not consider a difference between them. Based on our literature review, there seems to be differences between these two modalities. We also try to highlight the advantages of these modalities in clinical encounters.
http://www.jept.ir/article_10855_cb64e5d76610f95fd11365cde44e499b.pdf
2016-01-01
25
28
10.15171/jept.2015.05
Standardized patient
Simulated patient
Education, Medical
Amin
Beigzadeh
beigzadeh.amin@gmail.com
1
Research Center for Health Services Management, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Bahareh
Bahmanbijri
2
Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Elham
Sharifpoor
3
Neurosciences Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Masoumeh
Rahimi
4
Department of Medical Education, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Harden RM, Gleeson FA. Assessment of clinical competence using an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Med Educ 1979; 13(1): 41-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.1979.tb00918.x.
1
2. Robb KV, Rothman A. The assessment of history-taking and physical examination skills in general internal medicine residents using a checklist. Ann Royal Coll Phys Surg Canada 1985; 20: 45-8.
2
3. Collet JH, Ress JA, Mylrea S, Crowther I. Performance based assessment in pharmacy education. Int J Pharm Pract 1994; 3: 38-41.
3
4. Bradley P. The history of simulation in medical education and possible future directions. Med Educ 2006; 40(3): 254-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02394.x
4
5. Cleland JA, Abe K, Rethans JJ. The use of simulated patients in medical education: AMEE Guide No 42. Med Teach 2009; 31(6): 477-86. doi: 10.1080/01421590903002821.
5
6. Barrows HS, Abrahamson S. The programmed patient: a technique for appraising student performance in clinical neurology. J Med Educ1964; 39(8): 802-5.
6
7. Bosek MS, Li S, Hicks FD. Working with standardized patients: a primer. Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh 2007; 4(1): 1-13.
7
8. Boulet JR, Smee SM, Dillon GF, Gimpel JR. The use of standardized patient assessments for certification and licensure decisions. Simul Healthc 2009; 4(1): 35-42. doi: 10.1097/sih.0b013e318182fc6c.
8
9. Lane JL, Slavin S, Ziv A. Simulation in medical education: a review. Simul Gaming 2001; 32(3): 297-314. doi: 10.1177/104687810103200302.
9
10. Collins J, Harden R. The use of real patients, simulated patients and simulators in clinical examinations 2004. Association for Medical Education in Europe (AMEE) Guide No 13. Available from: http://78.158.56.101/archive/MEDEV/static/uploads/resources/amee_summaries/Guide13summaryMay04.pdf
10
11. Barrows HS. An overview of the uses of standardized patients for teaching and evaluating clinical skills. AAMC. Acad Med 1993; 68(6): 443-51. doi: 10.1097/00001888-199306000-00002
11
12. Barrows HS, Cohen R, Guerin RO, Hart IR, Klass DJ, Kopelow M, et al. Consensus statement of the researchers in clinical skills assessment (RCSA) on the use of standardized patients to evaluate clinical skills. Acad Med 1993; 68(6): 475-7.
12
13. Churchouse C, McCafferty C. Standardized patients versus simulated patients: is there a difference? Clinical Simulation in Nursing 2012; 8(8): e363-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ecns.2011.04.008
13
14. Bergin RA, Fors UG. Interactive simulated patient—an advanced tool for student-activated learning in medicine and healthcare. Comput Educ 2003; 40(4): 361-76. doi: 10.1016/s0360-1315(02)00167-7.
14
15. Lane C, Rollnick S. The use of simulated patients and role-play in communication skills training: a review of the literature to August 2005. Patient Educ Couns 2007; 67(1-2): 13-20. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2007.02.011.
15
16. Mesquita AR, Lyra DP, Brito GC, Balisa-Rocha BJ, Aguiar PM, de Almeida Neto AC. Developing communication skills in pharmacy: a systematic review of the use of simulated patient methods. Patient Educ Couns 2010; 78(2): 143-8. doi: 10.1016/j.
16
pec.2009.07.012
17
17. Barrows H. Simulated patients in medical teaching. Can Med Assoc J 1968; 98(14): 674-6.
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An interesting case of aluminum phosphide poisoning
Ingestion and inhalation of phosphine are 2 forms of toxicity and their clinical manifestation is extremely wide. A 22-year-old girl was admitted with complaints of nausea, vomiting and epigastric pain after eating lunch. She had a history of celiac disease. On arrival, she was alert and hemodynamically stable. There was not any abdominal tenderness or guarding. Food poisoning treatment initiated but after 1 hour her condition deteriorated with hypotension, tachycardia, and epigastric pain. Venous blood gas (VBG) showed severe metabolic acidosis. She denied any drug ingestion again. New Electrocardiogram (ECG) showed extensive inferolateral ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Bicarbonate plus dopamine was initiated. After 8 hours of admission, rhythm became ventricular fibrillation (VF) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) began. Peritoneal dialysis was performed. Next morning frequent VF occurred again but CPR was unsuccessful. Family found aluminum phosphide (AIP) tablets in her purse. Early diagnosis and supportive treatment may be effective but the most important factor is the dose of ingestion.
http://www.jept.ir/article_10164_d5dd95c7ec89aa06327f3cf3dcc636b6.pdf
2016-01-01
29
30
10.15171/jept.2015.07
Aluminum phosphide
Poisoning
survival
Prevention and control
Gholamreza
Faridaalaee
grf.aalae@yahoo.com
1
Emergency Medicine Department, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seyed Hesam
Rahmani
rahmani_h@umsu.ac.ir
2
Emergency Medicine Department, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Sajjad
Ahmadi
3
Emergency Medicine Department, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
AUTHOR
Amin
Mahboubi
4
Emergency Medicine Department, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Mehrpour O, Jafarzadeh M, Abdollahi M. A systematic review of aluminium phosphide poisoning. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2012; 63(1): 61-73. doi: 10.2478/10004-1254-63-2012-2182,
1
2. Anger F, Paysant F, Brousse F, Le Normand I, Develay P, Galliard Y, et al. Fatal aluminum phosphide poisoning. J Anal Toxicol 2000; 24(2): 90-2.
2
3. Shadnia S, Sasanian G, Allami P, Hosseini A, Ranjbar A, Amini-Shirazi N, et al. A retrospective 7-years study of aluminum phosphide poisoning in Tehran: opportunities for prevention. Hum Exp Toxicol 2009; 28(4): 209-13. doi: 10.1177/0960327108097194.
3
4. Proudfoot AT. Aluminium and zinc phosphide poisoning. Clin Toxicol 2009; 47(2): 89-100. doi: 10.1080/15563650802520675.
4
5. Singh S, Singh D, Wig N, Jit I, Sharma BK. Aluminum phosphide ingestion-a clinico-pathologic study. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1996; 34(6): 703-6. doi: 10.3109/15563659609013832.
5
6. Moghadamnia AA. An update on toxicology of aluminum phosphide. Daru 2012; 20(1): 25. doi: 10.1186/2008-2231-20-25.
6
7. Bumbrah GS, Krishan K, Kanchan T, Sharma M, Sodhi GS. Phosphide poisoning: a review of literature. Forensic Sci Int 2012; 214(1-3): 1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.06.018.
7
8. Shadnia S, Rahimi M, Pajoumand A, Rasouli MH, Abdollahi M. Successful treatment of acute aluminium phosphide poisoning: possible benefit of coconut oil. Hum Exp Toxicol 2005; 24(4): 215-8. doi: 10.1191/0960327105ht513oa.
8
9. Hosseinian A, Pakravan N, Rafiei A, Feyzbakhsh S. Aluminum phosphide poisoning known as rice tablet: a common toxicity in North Iran. Indian J Med Sci 2011; 65(4): 143-50. doi: 10.4103/0019-5359.104777.
9
10. Sharma A, Dishant VG, Kaushik JS, Mittal K. Aluminum phosphide (celphos) poisoning in children: a 5-year experience in a tertiary care hospital from northern India. Indian J Crit Care Med 2014; 18(1): 33-6. doi: 10.4103/0972-5229.125434.
10