ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
One year evaluation of trauma patients’ death
Worldwide trauma is currently the sixth leading cause of death, according to 10% of mortalities (1,2). Injury impact and the death from trauma are more common in males than females. People aged between 15 and 45 years include about half of the trauma deaths (3). Citizens of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) account for 89% of all deaths from trauma worldwide. This is particularly because of hospitals’ lack of facilities, equipments, and peripheral care systems (4,5).
http://www.jept.ir/article_15479_48f4aa01a451ed881f66c490df5f5f65.pdf
2016-07-01
31
32
10.15171/jept.2016.07
Trauma
patients
Death
Samad
Shams Vahdati
sshamsv@gmail.com
1
Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Hossein Ojaghi
Haghighi
2
Emergency Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Pooya
Paknejad
3
Emergency Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Roshan
Fahimi
4
Emergency Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Shahrad
Tajoddini
tajadinishahrad@hotmail.com
5
Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Søreide K. Epidemiology of major trauma. Br J Surg 2009; 96(7): 697-8.
1
2. Smith J, Greaves I, Porter K. Major Trauma. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010.
2
3. Norton R, Kobusingye O. Injuries. N Engl J Med 2013; 368(18): 1723-30.
3
4. Sakran JV, Greer SE, Werlin E, McCunn M. Care of the injuredworldwide: trauma still the neglected disease of modern society. Scand J Trauma Resusc
4
Emerg Med 2012; 20: 64.
5
5. Mock C, Quansah R, Krishnan R, Arreola-Risa C, Rivara F. Strengthening the prevention and care of injuries worldwide. Lancet 2004; 363(9427):2172-9.
6
6. Krug EG, Sharma GK, Lozano R. The global burden of injuries. Am J Public Health 2000; 90(4): 523-6.
7
7. Shams Vahdati S, GhafarZad A, Rahmani F, Panahi F, Omrani Rad A. Patterns of road traffic accidents in North West of Iran during 2013 new year holidays: complications and casualties. Bull Emerg Trauma 2014; 2(2): 82-5.
8
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Epidemiology of trauma in Shahid Bahonar hospital in Kerman
Objective: Trauma is one of the main causes of losing effective life among the populations. Knowing the pattern of trauma in each country can be considered as the first step in planning preventive programs to reduce trauma injuries. This study was conducted to evaluate the epidemiological status of trauma in Shahid Bahonar hospital in Kerman. Methods: This retrospective, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014. The study population consisted of all traumatic patients who referred to Shahid Bahonar hospital. All patients entered the study based on census sampling. In order to collect data, the medical record of each patient was scrutinized and the demographic information, causes of trauma, and the anatomical location of trauma were extracted. All data were entered into the SPSS version 20 software. For data analysis, we used descriptive tests (frequency and mean) as well as analytical tests (chi-square). Results: 7803 (76.8%) traumatic patients were male and 2358 (23.2%) were female. Of all causes of trauma, accidents had the most frequency among women and men at 1208 (23.9%) and 3846 (76.1%) correspondingly. Other causes of trauma in both groups were related to falling (1538), violence (1720), occupation (1181), sports (663), and self-harm (5). The age group of 15-24 with 2576 patients had the highest amount of trauma (25.4%). In terms of location, limbs and thorax had the highest and the lowest amount of injury at 4527 (44.6%) and 653 (6.4%) respectively. We could observe a significant relationship between the cause of trauma with sex and the age variables (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Males are more susceptible to traumatic problems than females regarding the nature of their jobs . Moreover, accidents are the main cause of trauma. Improving the quality of vehicles, roads safety, and establishing driver training courses to follow the rules are highly recommended.
http://www.jept.ir/article_15480_878b66c16e98cce7cff7d367c61eb104.pdf
2016-07-01
33
36
10.15171/jept.2015.16
Wounds and Injuries
Epidemiology
Shahid Bahonar hospital
Kerman
Amin
Beigzadeh
beigzadeh.amin@gmail.com
1
Research Center for Health Services Management, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Naghibzadeh Tahami
2
Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Habibolah
Rezaei
rezaie.habib@gmail.com
3
Medical Education Department, Education Development Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Bahareh
Bahman bijari
4
Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehrdad
Nazarieh
mehrdad.nazarieh@gmail.com
5
Department of English Language, Faculty of Foreign Languages, Kerman Institute of Higher Education, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Mostafa Seyed
Askari
mmaskari142@yahoo.com
6
Shafa Clinical Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. LoCicero J, Mattox KL. Epidemiology of chest trauma. Surg Clin North Am 1898; 69(1): 15-9.
1
2. Farzandipour M, Ghattan H, Mazrouei L, Nejati M, Aghabagheri T. Epidemiological study of traumatic patients referred to Neghavi hospital of kashan. Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences 2007; 11(1): 58-68. [Persian].
2
3. Krug EG, Sharma GK, Lozano R. The global burden of injuries. Am J Public Health 2000; 90(4): 523-6.
3
4. Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: global burden of disease study. Lancet. 1997; 349(9061):1269-76. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(96)07493-4.
4
5. Whitaker RH. Urological trauma. Ann Acad Med Singapore 1992; 21(2): 258-62.
5
6. Bledson EB, Roberts R, Shade RB. Brady paramedic emergency care. 2nd ed. USA: Boston; 1994.
6
7. Jennett B. Epidemiology of head injury. Arch Dis Child 1998; 78(5): 403-6. doi: 10.1136/adc.78.5.403.
7
8. Adebonojo SA. Management of chest trauma: a review. West Afr J Med 1993; 12(2): 122-32.
8
9. World Health Organization (WHO). Injury: Leading Cause of the Global of Disease. Geneva: WHO; 2010.
9
10. Mobaleghi J, Yaghoobi Notash A, Yaghoobi Notash A, Ahmadi Amoli H, Borna L, Yaghoobi Notash A. Evaluation of trauma patterns and their related factors in Besat Hospital in Sanandaj in 2012. SJKU 2014; 19(1): 99-107. [Persian].
10
11. Salimi J, Zareei MR. Trauma: an epidemiological study from a single institute in Ahvaz, Iran. Payesh 2008; 7(2): 115-120. [Persian].
11
12. Zargar M, Modaghegh MH, Rezaishiraz H. Urban injuries in Tehran: demography of trauma patients and evaluation of trauma care. Injury 2001; 32(8): 613-7.
12
13. Khatami SM, Kalantar Motamedi MH, Mohebbi HA, Tarighi P, Farzanegan GR, Rezai Y, et al. Epidemiology of trauma baqiatallah hospital: A one-Year Prospective study. Journal of Military Medicine 2003; 5(1): 13-9. [Persian].
13
14. Davoodabadi A, Yazdani A, Sayyah M, Mirzadeh Javaheri M. Trauma epidemiology and its consequences in victims referred to Kashan Trauma Center in 2008. Feyz 2009; 14(5): 501-5. [Persian].
14
15. Davis JW, Bennink L, Kaups KL, Parks SN. Motor vehicle restraints: primary versus secondary enforcement and ethnicity. J Trauma 2002; 52(2): 225-8. doi: 10.1097/00005373-200202000-00004.
15
16. Yousef Zade Chabok SH, Safayi M, Hemati H, Mohammadi H, Ahmadi Dafchahi M, Koochaki Nezhad L, et al. Epidemiology of head injury in patients who were reffered to Poorsina hospital. Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences 2008; 16 (64): 112-9. [Persian].
16
17. Zandi M, Khayati A, Lamei A, Zarei H. Maxillofacial injuries in western Iran: a prospective study. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011; 15(4): 201-9. doi: 10.1007/s10006-011-0277-6.
17
18. Rasouli MR, Moini M, Khaji A, Heidari P, Anvari A. Traumatic vascular injuries of the lower extremity: report of the Iranian National Trauma Project. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2010; 16(4): 308-12.
18
19. Soroush AR, Ghahri-Saremi S, Rambod M, Malek-Hosseini SA, Nick-Eghbal S, Khaji A. Pattern of injury in Shiraz. Chin J Traumatol 2008; 11(1): 8-12. doi: 10.1016/S1008-1275(08)60002-4.
19
20. Salimi J, Nikoobakht MR, Khaji A. Epidemiology of urogenital trauma in Iran: results of the Iranian National Trauma Project. Urol J 2006; 3(3): 171-4.
20
21. Kleppel JB, Lincoln AE, Winston FK. Assessing head-injury survivors of motor vehicle crashes at discharge from trauma care. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2002; 81(2): 114-22. doi: 10.1097/00002060-200202000-00007.
21
22. Bruch JM, Franciose RJ, Moore E. Trauma. In: Brunicardi FC, Andersen DK, Billiar TR, Dunn DL, Hunter JG, Pollock RE, eds. Schwartz’s Principles of Surgery. 8th ed. New York: McGrawHill; 2005.
22
23. Memarzadeh M, Hoseinpour M, Sanjary N, Karimi Z. A study on trauma epidemiology in children referred to Isfahan Alzahra Hospital during 2004-7. Feyz, Journal of Kashan University of Medical Sciences 2011; 14(5):488-93. [In Persian]
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Pre-hospital time intervals in trauma patient transportation by emergency medical service: association with the first 24-hour mortality
Objective: Most previous retrospective studies failed to show a consistent association between pre-hospital time intervals and mortality in trauma patients, bringing the recommendation of “transport fast to increase survival” under question. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of response time, scene time, and transport time with 24-hour in-hospital mortality.Methods: In this cross-sectional study data were collected In the emergency department (ED). Time intervals were obtained from emergency medical service (EMS) central system. All traumatized patients presented to an urban academic hospital by EMS with Emergency Severity Index (ESI) levels 1 or 2 were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were age under 16 or above 65, being transported from outside of the city, severe underlying medical illness, life threatening intoxications, and randomized trauma score (RTS) of more than 10. Patients were followed in the hospital for 24-hour mortality.Results: A total of 2884 patients were enrolled in the study. Response time, scene time, transport time, and total out of hospital time were all associated with mortality in univariate analysis (P = 0.02, 0.01, <0.001, and 0.001, respectively). In multivariate regression analysis, transport time was associated with 24-hour mortality (P < 0.001, OR [95% CI]: 1.20 [1.16-1.24]).Conclusion: Although time intervals in most previous studies did not show association with mortality, there is no recommendation such as “pre-hospital time intervals in traumatized patients should not be limited,” since limiting time intervals for taking a traumatized patient to the hospital still seems to be prudent. Our findings support the recommendation of decreasing the transportation and total out of hospital time in the present condition in Kerman city EMS system.
http://www.jept.ir/article_15481_df9ba022186fb2e9bcb6fec099402214.pdf
2016-07-01
37
41
10.15171/jept.2015.15
Prehospital emergency care
Time-to-treatment
Trauma
Transportation
Emergency medical service
Afsaneh
Esmaeili Ranjbar
1
Department of Emergency Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Masoud
Mayel
masoud.mayel@gmail.com
2
Department of Emergency Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Mitra
Movahedi
mitra.movahedi@gmail.com
3
Department of Emergency Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Faezeh Emaeili
Ranjbar
4
Department of Biology, Kerman Branch of Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Amirhossein
Mirafzal
a.mirafzal@yahoo.com
5
Department of Emergency Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Hartl R, Gerber LM, Iacono L, Ni Q, Lyons K, Ghajar J. Direct transport within an organized state trauma system reduces mortality in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. J Trauma 2006; 60(6): 1250-6.
1
2. Nirula R, Maier R, Moore E, Sperry J, Gentillelo L. Scoop and run to the trauma center or stay and play at the local hospital: hospital transfer’s effect on mortality. J Trauma 2010; 69(3): 595-9. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181ee6e32.
2
3. Lerner EB, Moscati RM. The golden hour: scientific fact or medical “urban legend”? Acad Emerg Med 2001; 8(7): 758-60.
3
4. Petri RW, Dyer A, Lumpkin J. The effect of pre-hospital transport time on the mortality from trauma patients. Prehosp Disaster Med 1995; 10(1): 24-9.
4
5. Pepe PE, Wyatt CH, Bickel WH, Bailey ML, Mattox KL. The relationship between total pre-hospital time and outcome in hypotensive victims of penetrating injuries. Ann Emerg Med 1987; 16(3): 293-7.
5
6. Feero S, Hedges JR, Simmons E, Irwin L. Does out of hospital EMS time affect trauma survival? Am J Emerg Med 1995; 13(2): 133-5.
6
7. Carr BG, Caplan JM, Pryor JP, Branas CC. A meta-analysis of pre-hospital care times for trauma. Prehosp Emerg Care 2006; 10(2): 198-206.
7
8. Sloan EP, Callahan EP, Duda J, Sheaf CM, Robin AP, Barret JA. The effect of urban trauma system hospital bypass on pre-hospital transport times and level 1 trauma patient survival. Ann Emerg Med 1989; 18(11): 1146-50.
8
9. Ramanujam P, Castillo E, Patel E, Vilke G, Wilson MP, Dunford JV. Prehospital transport time intervals for acute stroke patients. J Emerg Med 2009; 37(1): 40-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2007.11.092.
9
10. Seymour CW, Rea TD, Kahn JM, Walky AJ, Yealy DM, Angus DC. Severe sepsis in pre-hospital emergency care: Analysis of incidence, care, and outcome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 186(12): 1264-71. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201204-0713OC.
10
11. Takahashi M, Kohsaka S, Miyata H, Yoshikawa T, Takagi A, Harada K, et al. Association between prehospital time intervals and shor term outcome in acute heart failure patients. J Card Fail 2011; 17(9): 742-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2011.05.005.
11
12. Gilboy N, Tanabe P, Travers D, Rosenau AM. Emergency Severity Index (ESI): a triage tool for emergency department care, version 4. Implementation handbook 2012 edition. USA: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2011.
12
http://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/professionals/systems/hospital/esi/esihandbk.pdf.
13
13. Barfod C, Lauritzen MM, Danker JK, Sölétormos G, Forberg JL, Berlac PA, et al. Abnormal vital signs are strong predictors for intensive care unit admission and in-hospital mortality in adults triaged in the emergency department - a prospective cohort study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2012; 20: 28. doi: 10.1186/1757-7241-20-28.
14
14. Garbez R, Carrieri-Kohlman V, Stotts N, Chan G, Neighbor M. Factors influencing patients assignment to level 2 and level 3 within the 5 level ESI triage system. J Emerg Nurs 2011; 37(6): 526-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2010.07.010
15
15. Chawda MN, Hildebrand F, Pape HC, Giannoudis PV. Predicting outcome after multiple trauma: which scoring system? Injury 2004; 35(4): 347-58.
16
16. Zargar M, Kalantar Motamedi SM, Karbakhsh M, Ghodsi SM, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Panahi F, et al. Trauma care system in Iran. Chin J Traumatol 2011; 14(3): 131-6.
17
17. Bursac Z, Gauss CH, Williams DK, Hosmer DW. Purposeful selection of variables in logistic regression.
18
Source Code Biol Med 2008; 3: 17. doi: 10.1186/1751-0473-3-17.
19
18. De Maio VJ, Stiell IG, Wells GA, Spaite DW. Optimal defibrillation response intervals for maximum out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival rates. Ann Emerg Med 2003; 42(2): 242-50.
20
19. Studnek JR, Garvey L, Blackwell T, Vandeventer S, Ward SR. Association between prehospital time intervals and ST elevation myocardial infarction system performance. Circulation 2010; 122(15): 1464-9. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.931154.
21
20. Spaite DW, Bobrow BJ, Vadeboncoeur TJ, Chikani V, Clark L, Mullins T, et al. The impact of prehospital transport interval on survival in out of hospital cardiac arrest: Implications for regionalization of post-resuscitation care. Resuscitation 2008; 79(1): 61-
22
6. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2008.05.006.
23
21. Gonzalez RP, Cummings GR, Phelan HA, Mulekar MS, Rodning CB. Does increased emergency medical services prehospital time affect patient mortality in rural motor vehicle crashes? A statewide analysis. Am J Surg 2009; 197(1): 30-4. doi: 10.1016/j.
24
amjsurg.2007.11.018.
25
22. Newgard CD, Schmicker RH, Hedges JR, Tricket JP, Davis DP, Bulger EM, et al. Emergency medical services and intervals in trauma: assessment of a “golden hour” in a north American prospective cohort. Ann Emerg Med 2010; 55(3): 235-46. doi:
26
10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.07.024.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Air pollution and hospital admission in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Tehran, Iran
Objective: There are many communities at risk by a series of air pollution episodes. Tehran is one of the most polluted cities in the world. The presence of one or more air pollutants with a certain concentration in a particular period of time can cause several adverse effects on human and animals’ well-being that can cause much morbidity. There are several pollutants in the air but some of them can cause severe adverse effects on the lungs and air ways.Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study 1958 patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who were admitted in the emergency department (ED) of Rasol Akram hospital between March 2004 and March 2006 entered the study. Data such as number of admissions, air pollution particles (CO, SO2, O3, NO2, PM10) according to available documents were analyzed.Results: From 1958 patients who enrolled in this study, 887 (53.5%) were male and 771 (46.5%) were female. According to statistical analysis, we could observe a significant correlation between the concentration of Co, PM10, So2 with ED admission rate of COPD exacerbation (P: 0.031, 0.008, and 0.001 respectively). The effect of PM10, So2 and Co was more significant respectively in logistic regression on ED admission.Conclusion: There was significant correction between concentrations of air pollutants with number of ED admission for COPD exacerbation.
http://www.jept.ir/article_15482_00b7826b7eb8fc3f2bc88ae648a35c67.pdf
2016-07-01
42
45
10.15171/jept.2015.19
Air pollution
SO2
No2
CO
PM10
O3
COPD
Hassan
Amiri
1
Emergency Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Bidari
2
Emergency Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Samad
Shams Vahdati
sshamsv@gmail.com
3
Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nilofar
Ghodrati
4
Department of Hematology Oncology, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Tayeb
Ramim
5
Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Masoumeh
Emamverdy
6
Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Sunyer J. Urban air pollution and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review. Eur Respir J 2001; 17(5): 1024-33. doi: 10.1183/09031936.01.17510240.
1
2. Brook RD, Rajagopalan S, Pope CA 3rd, Brook JR, Bhatnagar A, Diez-Roux AV, et al. Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: an update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2010; 121: 2331-78. doi:
2
10.1161/cir.0b013e3181dbece1.
3
3. Chen L, Verrall K, Tong S. Air particulate pollution due to bushfires and respiratory hospital admissions in Brisbane, Australia. Int J Environ Heal Res 2006; 16(3): 181-91. doi: 10.1080/09603120600641334.
4
4. UK Ministry of Health. Reports on Public Health and Medical Subjects. London: Ministry of Health; 1954.
5
5. Zanobetti A, Schwartz J, Samoli E, Gryparis A, Touloumi G, Peacock J, et al. The temporal pattern of respiratory and heart disease mortality in response to air pollution. Environ Health Perspect 2003; 111(9): 1188-93. doi: 10.1289/ehp.5712.
6
6. Le TG, Ngo L, Mehta S, Do VD, Thach TQ, Vu DX, et al. Effects of short-term exposure to air pollution on hospital admissions of young children for acute lower respiratory infections in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Res Rep Health Eff Inst 2012; (169): 5-72.
7
7. Kim SY, Peel JL, Hannigan MP, Dutton SJ, Sheppard L, Clark ML, et al. The temporal lag structure of short-term associations of fine particulate matter chemical constituents and cardiovascular and respiratory hospitalizations. Environ Health Perspect 2012; 120(8): 1094-9. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1104721.
8
8. Peters A, Frohlich M, Doring A, Immervoll T, Wichmann HE, Hutchinson WL, et al. Particulate air pollution is associated with an acute phase response in men; results from the MONICA-Augsburg Study. Eur Heart J 2001; 22: 1198-204. doi: 10.1053/ euhj.2000.2483.
9
9. Romieu I, Gouveia N, Cifuentes LA, de Leon AP, Junger W, Vera J, et al. Multicity study of air pollution and mortality in Latin America. Res Rep Health Eff Inst 2012; (171): 5-86.
10
10. Kan H, Chen B, Zhao N, London SJ, Song G, Chen G, et al. Part 1. A time-series study of ambient air pollution and daily mortality in Shanghai, China. Res Rep Health Eff Inst 2010; (154): 17-78.
11
11. Qian Z, He Q, Lin HM, Kong L, Zhou D, Liang S, et al. Part 2. Association of daily mortality with ambient air pollution, and effect modification by extremely high temperature in Wuhan, China. Res Rep Health Eff Inst 2010; (154): 91-217.
12
12. Merrifield A, Schindeler S, Jalaludin B, Smith W. Health effects of the September 2009 dust storm in Sydney, Australia: did emergency department visits and hospital admissions increase? Environ Health 2013; 12: 32. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-12-32.
13
13. Bind MA, Baccarelli A, Zanobetti A, Tarantini L, Suh H, Vokonas P, et al. Air pollution and markers of coagulation, inflammation, and endothelial function: associations and epigene-environment interactions in an elderly cohort. Epidemiology 2012; 23(2): 332-40.
14
doi: 10.1097/ede.0b013e31824523f0.
15
14. Mills NL, Törnqvist H, Gonzalez MC, Vink E, Robinson SD, Söderberg S, et al. Ischemic and thrombotic effects of dilute diesel-exhaust inhalation in men with coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 2007; 357(11): 1075-82.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The value of lab findings in early diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia
Objective: Acute mesenteric ischemia (IMA) is a vascular emergency with broad variability of clinical presentations and non-specific laboratory findings. Therefore, there is a significant need for reliable serological markers of ischemia. Various laboratory studies may be performed for suspected AMI, but in general, such studies will not establish the diagnosis.Methods: In a prospective, non-interventional study, from October 2012 to October 2013, we investigated 70 patients with probable diagnosis of AMI. Blood samples were taken from patients and analyzed for complete blood count (CBC), prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), international normalized ratio (INR), urea, creatinine (Cr), sodium (Na), potassium (K), D-dimer, lactate, amylase, PH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), and bicarbonate (HCO3). Finally the results were compared with AMI diagnosis confirmed by computed tomography (CT) angiography.Results: Seventy patients with acute severe abdominal pain were studied. Thirty-nine patients (55.7%) were male and 31 patients (44.3%) were female. The average age was 68.01 ± 14.67 (±SD). Based on CT-angiography results, 27 (38.6%) patients had AMI and 43 (61.4%) patients did not have AMI. Chi-squire test showed P values of 0.606 and 0.986 for relations between sex and risk factors with AMI correspondingly. One-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov revealed white blood cell (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), platelets (Plt), urea, Cr, Na, K, PCO2 and HCO3 as normally distributed parameters (P > 0.05). Moreover PT, PTT, INR, D-dimer, lactate, amylase, and PH were non-normally distributed (P < 0.05).Conclusion: We found a significant relation between increased serum lactate level and definitive AMI diagnosis. We recommend rising serum lactate as a finding in AMI.
http://www.jept.ir/article_15483_c96e54a648353fa95195d79cb41e90c8.pdf
2016-07-01
46
49
10.15171/jept.2015.20
Mesenteric ischemia
Fibrin fragment D
lactate
Early Diagnosis
Rouzbeh Rajaei
Ghafouri
1
Department of Emergency Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeed
Shahbazi
shahbazi@gmail.com
2
Department of Emergency Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Changiz
Gholipour
gholipour@tbzmed.ac.ir
3
Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Department of Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Samad
Shams Vahdati
sshamsv@gmail.com
4
Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Manouchehr
khoshbaten
5
Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Amir
Ghaffarzad
amir.ghaffarzad@gmail.com
6
Department of Emergency Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Respina
Jalilian
respina.jalilian@gmail.com
7
Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Belkin M, Owens CD, Whittemore AD. Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease. In: Townsend CM Jr, Beasuchamp RD, Evers BM, eds. Sabiston Text book of Surgery: The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice. 18th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2008. p. 1973-7.
1
2. Lin PH, Kougias P, Bechara C. Arterial disease. In: Brunicardi FC, Anderson DK, Billiar TR, eds. Schwartz’s Principles of Surgery. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2010. p. 730-6
2
3. Acosta S, Nilsson T. Current status on plasma biomarkers for acute mesenteric ischemia. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2012; 33(4): 355-61. doi: 10.1007/s11239-011-0660-z.
3
4. Chang RW, Chang JB, Longo WE. Update in management of mesenteric ischemia. World J Gastroenterol. 2006; 12(20): 3243-7. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i20.3243.
4
5. Gearhart SL. Mesenteric vascular insufficiency. In: Longo DL, Fauci AS, eds. Harrison’s Principles of Interal Medicine. 18th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012. p. 2510-6.
5
6. Rosero O, Harsányi L, Szijártó A. Acute mesenteric ischemia: do biomarkers contribute to diagnosis. Orv Hetil 2014; 155(41): 1615-23. doi: 10.1556/oh.2014.30013. [Article in Hungarian].
6
7. Stone JR, Wilkins LR. Acute mesenteric ischemia. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol 2015; 18(1): 24-30. doi: 10.1053/j.tvir.2014.12.004.
7
8. Demir IE, Ceyhan GO, Friess H. Beyond lactate: is there a role for serum lactate measurement in diagnosing acute mesenteric ischemia. Dig Surg 2012; 29(3): 226-35. doi: 10.1159/000338086.
8
9. Lange H, Jackel R. Usefulness of plasma lactate concentration in the diagnosis of acute abdominal disease. Eur J Surg 1994; 160(6-7): 381-4.
9
10. Gearhart SL, Delaney CP, Senagore AJ, Banbury MK, Remzi FH, Kiran RP, et al. Prospective assessment of the predictive value of alpha-glutathione S-transferase for intestinal ischemia. Am Surg 2003; 69(4): 324-9.
10
11. Newman TS, Magnuson TH, Ahrendt SA, Smith-Meek MA, Bender JS. The changing face of mesenteric infarction. Am Surg 1998; 64(7): 611-6.
11
12. Klein HM, Lensing R, Klosterhalfen B, Töns C, Günther RW. Diagnostic imaging of mesenteric infarction. Radiology 1995; 197(1): 79-82.
12
13. Murray MJ, Gonze MD, Nowak LR, Cobb CF. Serum D(-)-lactate levels as an aid to diagnosing acute intestinal ischemia. Am J Surg 1994; 167(6): 575-8.
13
14. Kurimoto Y, Kawaharada N, Ito T, Morikawa M, Higami T, Asai Y. An experimental evaluation of the lactate concentration following mesenteric ischemia. Surg Today 2008; 38(10): 926-30. doi: 10.1007/s00595-007-3737-8.
14
15. Aydin B, Ozban M, Serinken M, Kaptanoglu B, Demirkan NC, Aydin C. The place of D-dimer and L-lactate levels in the early diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia. Bratisl Lek Listy 2015; 116(5): 343-50. doi: 10.4149/bll_2015_094.
15
16. Chiu YH, Huang MK, How CK, Hsu TF, Chen JD, Chern CH, et al. D-dimer in patients with suspected acute mesenteric ischemia. Am J Emerg Med 2009; 27(8): 975-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2009.06.006.
16
17. Kulacoglu H, Kocaerkek Z, Moran M, Kulah B, Atay C, Kulacoglu S, et al. Diagnostic value of blood D-dimer level in acute mesenteric ischaemia in the rat: an experimental study. Asian J Surg 2005; 28(2): 131-5. doi: 10.1016/s1015-9584(09)60277-3.
17
18. Adam SS, Key NS, Greenberg CS. D-dimer antigen: current concepts and future prospects. Blood 2009; 113 (13): 2878-87. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-06-165845.
18
19. Brill-Edward P, Lee A. D-dimer testing in the diagnosis of acute venous thromboembolism. Thromb Haemost 1999; 82(2): 688-94.
19
20. Kurt Y, Akin ML, Demirbas S, Uluutku AH, Gulderen M, Avsar K, et al. D-dimer in the early diagnosis of acute mesentericischemia secondary to arterial occlusion in rats. Eur Surg Res 2005; 37(4): 216-9. doi: 10.1159/000087866.
20
21. Altinyollar H, Boyabatli M, Berberoğlu U. D-dimer as a marker for early diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia. Thromb Res 2006; 117(4): 463-7. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2005.04.025.
21
22. Acosta S, Nilsson TK, Björck M. Preliminary study of D-dimer as a possible marker of acute bowel ischaemia. Br J Surg 2001; 88(3): 385-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.2001.01711.x.
22
23. Abd-Elazeem A, Selim T. The role of plasma D-dimer levels in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia. Egypt J Surg 2006; 25: 60-65.
23
24. Akyildiz H, Akcan A, Oztürk A, Sozuer E, Kucuk C, Karahan I. The correlation of the D-dimer test and biphasic computed tomography with mesenteric computed tomography angiography in the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia. Am J Surg 2009; 197(4):429-33. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2008.02.011.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Association of base deficit with mortality in pediatric trauma
Objective: To evaluate the association of base deficit (BD) with mortality in traumatized children, and to assess this association in a subgroup of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: In this cross-sectional study performed prospectively on a convenience sample of patients under 16 years of age with trauma presenting to an academic level ІІ trauma center, we obtained venous BD values initially and followed the patients for in-hospital mortality. Initial vital signs were measured and injury severity score (ISS), randomized trauma score (RTS), and pediatric trauma score (PTS) were calculated. Results: A total of 102 patients were included, with 48 patients diagnosed with TBI. Nine patients (8.8%) died during admission, of which 6 were diagnosed with TBI. Based on the univariate analysis, BD was associated with mortality in the whole group (P = 0.01), but not in the TBI subgroup (P = 0.08). In multivariable analysis, RTS was the only variable independently associated with mortality (P = 0.001, odds ratio [OR] = 0.197). Linear regression model showed that BD was predictive of ISS, RTS, and PTS. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve showed a cutoff point of -7 mmol/L for BD, below which there is a 12 fold increased risk for mortality. Conclusion: BD is a useful parameter in mortality prediction in pediatric trauma like in adult age group, but this predictive role in TBI patients is not supported by our results.
http://www.jept.ir/article_15484_e51ea7dc7aa7a8a01e1de407ed1b9726.pdf
2016-07-01
50
54
10.15171/jept.2015.17
Base deficit
mortality
Pediatric trauma
Maryam
Ziaee
mziaei3@gmail.com
1
Department of Emergency Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Amirhossein
Mirafzal
a.mirafzal@yahoo.com
2
Department of Emergency Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJ. Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet 2006; 367(9524): 1747-57. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68770-9.
1
2. World Health Organization (WHO). Injury: A Leading Cause of the Global Burden of Disease 2000. Geneva: WHO; 2011. p. 4-15.
2
3. Jayaraman S, Sethi D. Advanced trauma life support training for hospital staff. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 2(3): CD004173. doi: 10.1002/14651858.cd004173.pub4.
3
4. Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: global burden of disease study. Lancet 1997; 349(9063): 1436-42. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(96)07495-8.
4
5. Gross E, Martel M. Multiple trauma. In: John Marx J, Hockberger R, Walls R, eds. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine – Concepts and Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2010. p 243.
5
6. Bahadorimonfared A, Soori H, Mehrabi Y, Delpisheh A, Esmaili A, Salehi M, et al. Trends of fatal road traffic injuries in Iran (2004-2011). PLoS One 2013; 8 (5): e65198. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065198.
6
7. Zargar M, Sayyar Roudsari B, Shadman M, Kaviani A, Tarighi P. Pediatric transport related injuries in Tehran: the necessity of implementation of injury prevention protocols. Injury 2003; 34(11): 820-4. doi: 10.1016/S0020-1383(02)00378-9.
7
8. Mattice, Connie RN-C. The base deficit provides clues to acidosis. J Trauma 2002; 65: 76-78. doi: 10.1016/s0020-1383(02)00378-9.
8
9. Davis JW, Kaups KL, Parks SN. Base defecit is superior to PH evaluating clearance of acidosis after traumic shock. J Trauma 1998; 44(1): 114-8. doi:10.1097/00005373-199801000-00014.
9
10. Jeng JC, Lee K, Jalonski K, Jordan MH. Serum lactate and base deficit suggest inadequate resuscitation of patients with burn injuries: application of a point-of-care laboratory instrument. J Burn Care Rehabil 1997;
10
18(5): 402-5. doi: 10.1097/00004630-199709000-00005.
11
11. Rutherford EJ, Morris JA, Reed GW, Hall KS. Base deficit stratifies mortality and determines therapy. J Trauma 1992; 33(3): 417-23. doi: 10.1097/00005373-199209000-00014.
12
12. Davis JW, Parks SN, Kaups KL, Gladen HE, O’Donnell-Nicol S. Admission base deficit predicts
13
transfusion requirements and risk of complications. J Trauma 1996; 41(5): 769-74. doi: 10.1097/00005373-199611000-00001
14
13. Davis JW, Shackford SR, Holbrook TL. Base deficit as a sensitive indicator of compensated shock and tissue
15
oxygen utilization. Surg Gyencol Obstet 1991; 173(6): 473-6. doi:10.1097/00132586-199208000-00001.
16
14. Davis JW, Mackerise RC, Holbrook TL, Hoyt DB. Basedeficit as an indicator of significant abdominal
17
injury. Ann Emerg Med 1991; 20(8): 842-4. doi: 10.1016/S0196-0644(05)81423-4.
18
15. Malone DL, Dunne J, Tracy JK, Putna T, Scalea TM, Napolitano LM. Blood transfusion, independent of shock severity, is associated with worse outcome in trauma. Trauma 2003; 54(5): 898-905. doi: 10.1097/01.ta.0000060261.10597.5c.
19
16. Dunne JR, Tracy JK, Scalea TM, Napolitano LM. Lactate and base deficit in trauma: does alcohol or drug use impair their predictive accuracy. J Trauma 2005; 58(5): 959-66. doi: 10.1097/01.ta.0000158508.84009.49.
20
17. Jung J, Eo E, Ahn K, Noh H, Cheon Y. Initial base deficit as predictors for mortality and transfusion requirement in the severe pediatric trauma except brain injury. Pediatr Emerg Care 2009; 25(9): 579-81. doi: 10.1097/pec.0b013e3181b9b38a.
21
18. Randolph LC, Takacs M, Davis KA. Resuscitation in pediatric trauma population: admission base deficit remains an important prognostic indicator. J Trauma 2002; 53(5): 838-42. doi: 10.1097/00005373-200211000-00006.
22
19. Kincaid EH, Chang MC, Letton RW, Chen JG, Meredith JW. Admission base deficit in pediatric trauma: A study using national trauma data bank. J Trauma 2001; 51(2): 332-5. doi: 10.1097/00005373-200108000-00018.
23
20. Peterson DL, Schinco MA, Kerwin AJ, Griffen MM, Pieper P, Tepas JJ. Evaluation of initial base deficit as a prognosticator of outcome in the pediatric trauma population. Am Surg 2004; 70(4): 326-8.
24
21. Mutschler M, Nienaber U, Brockamp T, Wafaisade A, Fabian T, Paffrath T, et al. Renaissance of base deficit for the initial assessment of trauma patients: a base deficit-based classification for hypovolemic shock developed on data from 16,305 patients derived from the Trauma Register DGU®. Crit Care 2013: 17(2); R42. doi: 10.1186/cc12555.
25
22. Yücel N, Lefering R, Maegele M, Vorweg M, Tjardes T, Ruchholtz S, et al. Trauma Associated Severe Hemorrhage (TASH)-Score: probability of mass transfusion as surrogate for life threatening hemorrhage after multiple trauma. J Trauma 2006; 60(6): 1228-36. doi: 0.1097/01.ta.0000220386.84012.bf.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Wasp stings (Vespa affinis) induced acute kidney injury following rhabdomyolysis in a 25-year-old woman.
Wasp sting is a relatively common arthropod assault. This usually results in pain and mild allergic reactions, but sometimes may cause severe systemic reaction and multiorgan dysfunction including rhabdomyolysis, hemolysis, coagulopathy, hepatic, renal and cardiac complications. Along with several other pathomechanisms, rhabdomyolysis is a distinguished cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with wasp sting. We herein report a case in which the patient developed rhabdomyolysis followed by AKI due to multiple wasp stings. The offending wasp was brought to the hospital and the species was confirmed by a zoologist (Vespa affinis).
http://www.jept.ir/article_15485_6e835e83cc8a1df9045a9ede4d7af5a4.pdf
2016-07-01
55
57
10.15171/jept.2016.08
Acute kidney injury
Rhabdomyolysis
Wasp venom
Parash
Ullah
1
Department of Medicine, Sylhet M.A.G Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh
AUTHOR
Alamgir
Chowdhury
2
Department of Nephrology, Sylhet M.A.G Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh
AUTHOR
Ishrat Tahsin
Isha
3
Department of Medicine, Sylhet M.A.G Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh
AUTHOR
Sultan
Mahmood
4
Department of Medicine, Sylhet M.A.G Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh
AUTHOR
Fazle
Rabbi Chowdhury
5
Department of Medicine, Sylhet M.A.G Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad
Zeesan-ul- Abir
6
Sylhet M.A.G Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
AUTHOR
Aziz Al
Manna
7
Sylhet M.A.G Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
AUTHOR
Muhammad Ismail
Patwary
8
Department of Medicine, Sylhet M.A.G Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh
AUTHOR
1.Thiruventhiran T, Goh BL, Leong CL, Cheah PL, Looi LM, Tan SY. Acute renal failure following multiple wasp stings. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999; 14(1): 214 -7.
1
2.Kim YO, Yoon SA, Kim KJ, Lee BO, Kim BS, Chang YS, et al. Severe rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure due to multiple wasp stings. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003; 18(6): 1235.
2
3.Bhatta N, Singh R, Sharma S, Sinnha A, Raja S. Acute renal failure following multiple wasp stings. Pediatr Nephrol 2005; 20(12): 1809-10.
3
4.Diaz JH. Hymenopterid bites, stings, allergic reactions, and the impact of hurricanes on hymenopterid-inflicted injuries. J La State Med Soc 2007; 159 (3): 149-57.
4
5.Paudel B, Paudel K. A study of wasp bites in a tertiary hospital of western Nepal. Nepal Med Coll J 2009; 11(1): 52-6.
5
6.Zhang L, Young Y, Tang Y, Zhao Y, Cao Y, Su B, et al. Recovery from AKI following multiple wasp sting: a case series. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 8(11): 1850-6.
6
7.Chowdhury FR, Bari MS, Shafi AM, Ruhan AM, Hossain ME, Chowdhury S, et al. Acute kidney injury following Rhabdomyolysis due to multiple wasp stings (Vespa affinis). Asia Pac J Med Toxicol 2014; 3: 41-3.
7
8.Bresolin NL, Carvalho LC, Goes EC, Fernandes R, Barotto AM. Acute renal failure following massive attack by Africanized bee stings. Pediatr Nephrol 2002; 17(8): 625-27.
8
9.Islam F, Taimur SD, Kabir CM. Bee envenomation induced acute renal failure in an 8 years old child. Ibrahim Med Coll J 2011; 5(1): 34-6.
9
10.Gunasekera WT, Mudduwa L, Lekamwasam S. Acute pigmented tubulopathy and interstitial nephritis following wasp sting. Galle Med J 2008; 13(1):55-6.
10
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Hypersensitivity and cross-reactivity to cisplatin and carboplatin.
Cisplatin was the first of the platinum drugs. Second-generation platinum derivative was carboplatin that its efficacy in the treatment of many malignancies is equal to cisplatin, and its toxicity profile is more favorable. Here we report on a 50-year-old woman with a history of cervix cancer who developed a severe hypersensitivity reaction (HSR) to carboplatin. She was admitted to the emergency department (ED) with shortness of breath, tachypnea, restless, agitation, and lethargy. On arrival, the patient was hemodynamically unstable; we initiated treatment immediately with hydration, oxygen therapy with mask, hydrocortisone, midazolam, and adrenalin. After 1 hour, BP and O2 sat improved to 100/70 mm Hg and 92% respectively, but there was not any significant improvement in tachycardia as well as tachypnea and she was still lethargic and agitated. Her symptoms improved gradually after 18 hours of admission. She was discharged after 36 hours. HSRs to cisplatin and carboplatin can be potentially life-threatening. The symptoms can range from a mild rash to severe anaphylaxis. Doctors should be aware of these reactions, determine appropriate treatment, and know the cross-reactivity among these drugs.
http://www.jept.ir/article_15487_cc7e8503f00163755fb27175dcbd54dd.pdf
2016-07-01
58
61
10.15171/jept.2016.09
Cisplatin
Carboplatin
Cross-reactivity
cancer
Anaphylaxis
Gholamreza
Faridaalaee
gfr.alaee@yahoo.com
1
Emergency Medicine Department, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Hesam
Rahmani
2
Emergency Medicine Department, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Amin
Mahboubi
3
Emergency Medicine Department, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Jamieson ER, Lippard SJ. Structure, recognition, and processing of cisplatin-DNA adducts. Chem Rev 1999; 99(9): 2467-98.
1
2. Charalabopoulos K, Karkabounas S, Ioachim E, Papalimneou V, Syrigos K, Evangelou A, et al. Antitumour and toxic effects on Wistar rats of two new platinum complexes. Eur J Clin Invest 2002; 32(2): 129-33.
2
3. Covens A, Carey M, Bryson P, Verma S, Fung Kee Fung M, Johnston M. Systematic review of first-line chemotherapy for newly diagnosed postoperative patients with stage II, III, or IV epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2002; 85(1): 71-80.
3
4. Ozols RF, Bundy BN, Greer BE, Fowler JM, Clarke-Pearson D, Burger RA, et al. Phase III trial of carboplatin and paclitaxel compared with cisplatin and paclitaxel in patients with optimally resected stage III ovarian cancer: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21(17): 3194-200.
4
5. Syrigos KN, Vansteenkiste J, Parikh P, von Pawel J, Manegold C, Martins RG, et al. Prognostic and predictive factors in a randomized phase III trial comparing cisplatin-pemetrexed versus cisplatin-gemcitabine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.Ann Oncol 2010; 21(3): 556-61.
5
6. Joy J, Nair CK. Amelioration of Cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in Swiss albino mice by Rubiacordifoliaextract. J Cancer Res Ther 2008; 4(3): 111-5.
6
7. Kannarkat G, Lasher EE, Schiff D. Neurologic complications of chemotherapy agents. Curr Opin Neurol 2007; 20(6): 719-25.
7
8. Maina A, Richiardi G, Danese S, Defabiani E, Giardina G. Symptomatic hypocalcemia and hypomagnesiemia in cisplatinum-based chemotherapy treated patients: case report. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 1996; 17(4): 281-2.
8
9. Callahan MB, Lachance JA, Stone RL, Kelsey J, Rice LW, Jazaeri AA. Use of cisplatin without desensitization after carboplatin hypersensitivity reaction in epithelial ovarian and primary peritoneal cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 197(2): 199.e1-4.
9
10. Mohammadianpanah M, Omidvari S, Mosalaei A, Ahmadloo N. Cisplatin-induced hypokalemic paralysis. Clin Ther 2004; 26(8): 1320-3.
10
11. Koren C, Yerushalmi R, Katz A, Malik H, Sulkes A, Fenig E. Hypersensitivity reaction to cisplatin during chemoradiation therapy for gynecologic malignancy. Am J Clin Oncol 2002; 25(6): 625-6.
11
12. Markman M, Kennedy A, Webster K, Elson P, Peterson G, Kulp B, et al. Clinical features of hypersensitivity reactions to carboplatin. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17(4): 1141.
12
13. Kook H, Kim KM, Choi SH, Choi BS, Kim HJ, Chung SY, et al. Life-threatening carboplatin hypersensitivity during conditioning for autologous PBSC transplantation: successful rechallenge after desensitization. Bone Marrow Transplant 1998; 21(7): 727-9.
13
14. Sliesoraitis S, Chikhale PJ. Carboplatin hypersensitivity. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2005; 15(1): 13-18.
14
15. Morris DJ, Carr B. Hypersensitivity reaction to carboplatin followed by reaction to cisplatin. Community Oncol. 2005; 324-326. Available from: http://www.oncologypractice.com/co/journal/articles/0204324b.pdf
15
16. Novak KM. Drug Facts and Comparisons. 59th ed. Chicago, Ill: Wolters Kluwer Health; 2005.
16
17. Weidmann B, Muelleneisen N, Bojko P, Niederle N. Hypersensitivity reactions to carboplatin. Report of two patients, review of the literature, and discussion of diagnostic procedures and management. Cancer 1994; 73(8): 2218-22.
17
18. Tonkin KS, Rubin P, Levin L. Carboplatin hypersensitivity: case reports and review of the literature. Eur J Cancer 1993; 29(9): 1356-7.
18
19. Ottaiano A, Tambaro R, Greggi S, Prato R, Di Maio M, Esposito G, et al. Safety of cisplatin after severe hypersensitivity reactions to carboplatin in patients with recurrent ovarian carcinoma. Anticancer Res 2003; 23(4): 3465-8.
19
20. Libra M, Sorio R, Buonadonna A, Berretta M, Stefanovski P, Toffoli G, et al. Cisplatin may be a valid alternative ap-proach in ovarian carcinoma with carboplatin hypersensitivity: report of three cases. Tumori 2003; 89(3): 311-3.
20
21. Shukunami K, Kurokawa T, Kubo M, Kaneshima M, Kamitani N, Kotsuji F. Hypersensitivity reaction to carboplatin during treatment for ovarian cancer: successful resolution by replacement with cisplatin. Tumori 1999; 85(4): 297-8.
21
22. Jones R, Ryan M, Friedlander M. Carboplatin hypersensitivity reactions: re-treatment with cisplatin desensitisation. Gynecol Oncol 2003; 89(1): 112-5.
22
23. Shlebak AA, Clark PI, Green JA. Hypersensitivity and cross reactivity to Cisplatin and analogues. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1995; 35(4): 349-51.
23
24. Windom HH, McGuire WP 3rd, Hamilton RG, Adkinson NF Jr. Anaphylaxis to carboplatin, a new platinum chemotherapeutic agent. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992; 90(4 Pt 1): 681-3.
24
25. Abe A, Ikawa H, Ikawa S. Desensitization treatment with cisplatin after carboplatin hypersensitivity reaction in gynecologic cancer. J Med Invest 2010; 57(1-2): 163-7.
25