ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Catatonia: extinct, lost, or forgotten?
Catatonia is a neuropsychiatric syndrome that occurs in some primary psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, mood disorders), or due to general medical conditions (e.g., neurological disorders, drug poisoning, metabolic disorders) (1). Although it is uncommon, but if it goes unrecognized in medical and surgical units (2), it can increase morbidity and mortality. Moreover, making a connection between signs observed across different systems (the motor, somatic, and psychiatric symptoms) could lead to misdiagnosis and a delay in treatment (3).
http://www.jept.ir/article_32047_92295298de3d8a83a11b8a4cf5b33368.pdf
2017-07-01
38
39
10.15171/jept.2016.02
Catatonia
Neuropsychiatric syndrome
Psychiatric disorders
Forouzan
Elyasi
1
Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
AUTHOR
Fink M, Taylor MA. Catatonia: subtype or syndrome in DSM? Am J Psychiatry 2006; 163(11): 1875-76.
1
Carroll BT, Spetie L. Catatonia on the Catatonia on the consultation-liaison service: a replication study. Int J Psychiatry Med 1994; 24(4): 329-37.
2
Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P. Kaplan and Sadock’s Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry. 11th ed. LWW; 2015. p. 343-6.
3
Kirkhart R, Ahuja N, Lee JW, Ramirez J, Talbert R, Faiz K, et al. The Detection and Measurement of Catatonia. Psychiatry (Edgmont) 2007; 4(9): 52-6.
4
van der Heijden FM, Tuinier S, Arts NJ, Hoogendoorn ML, Kahn RS, Verhoeven WM. Catatonia: disappeared or under-diagnosed? Psychopathology 2005; 38(1): 3-8.
5
Stompe T, Ritter K, Schanda H. Catatonia as a subtype of schizophrenia. Psychiatr Ann 2007; 37(1): 31-6.
6
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Does it require to exclude cardiobiliary reflex in every acute coronary syndrome follow up patient with bedside ultrasound on emergency department
In emergency department, physicians can diagnose pulseless electrical activity, asystole, pericardial effusions, ischemic heart disease, wall motion abnormalities, valvular cardiac disease volume status or global cardiac function evaluating with electrocardiographic findings or using bedside cardiac ultrasonography. But these two methods are not always sufficient to explain the underlying another pathologies such as pancreatitis and acute cholecystitis which can mimick acute cardiac events. Patients who are followed up with a preliminary diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome in the emergency department, might have underlying biliary or pancreatic pathologies, or even more, these might be the sole reason of the clinical picture. So bedside abdomen ultrasonography and liver enzymes may be requested in all patients with suspected cardiac pathology with a normal cardiac ultrasonography when a patient presented with acute chest or abdominal pain. Physicians must be aware for coexisting pathophysiologies and take into account the differential diagnosis of all life-threatening causes such as cardiac ischemia or acute abdominal situations. So the diagnostic tests for gallbladder pathology could be added to cardiac ultrasonography.
http://www.jept.ir/article_32053_c8f93d654703ea762be17db043238bb9.pdf
2017-07-01
40
41
10.15171/jept.2016.13
Cardiobiliary reflex
Acute coronary syndrome
Ultrasound
Mustafa
Bolatkale
dr.mustafa46@hotmail.com
1
Medipol University Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
AUTHOR
Çağdaş
Can
drcagdascan@gmail.com
2
Manisa State Hospital, Manisa, Turkey
AUTHOR
Ahmet
Çağdaş Acara
3
Gaziemir State Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mustafa
Topuz
mtpuz@hotmail.com
4
Adana Numune Education and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adana, Turkey
AUTHOR
Thygesen K, Alpert JS, White HD. Universal definition of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2007; 28(20): 2525-38. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm355.
1
2. Demarchi MS, Regusci L, Fasolini F. Electrocardiographic changes and false-positive troponin I in a patient with acute cholecystitis. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2012; 6(2): 410-4. doi: 10.1159/000339965.
2
3. Husainy MA, Gopalan D, Pakkal M, Raj V. Mimics of acute coronary syndrome on MDCT. Emerg Radiol 2013; 20(3): 235-42. doi: 10.1007/s10140-012-1097-1.
3
4. Patel N, Ariyarathenam A, Davies W, Harris A. Acute cholecystits leading to ischemic ECG changes in a patient with no underlying cardiac disease. JSLS 2011; 15(1): 105-8. doi: 10.4293/108680811x13022985131534.
4
5. Kellner A, Robertson T. Selective necrosis of cardiac and skeletal muscle induced experimentally by means of proteolytic enzyme solutions given intravenously. J Exp Med 1954; 99(4): 387-404.
5
6. Cattermole GN, McKay N. Pseudo myocardial infarction. Emerg Med J 2006; 23(8): e48. doi: 10.1136/ emj.2005.032656.
6
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Calculation of plasma chloride levels using blood gas measurements
Objective: Chloride is the major plasma anion. There are several methods available for the determination of serum chloride levels. Unfortunately these methods are sometimes not available in the urgent setting where values are needed. Here we describe a formula for estimating plasma chloride levels. Methods: Fifty-two consecutive patients were enrolled for which serum chloride levels were estimated using the formula CL- = (Na+ + 10 –TBB), and also measured directly through the colorimetric method. Correlation between the two values was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and agreement was shown in the Bland-Altman plot. Results: Comparing the values achieved through estimation and laboratory determination of plasma chloride revealed a significant correlation (r = 0.97). Consistent agreement was described within -4.8 and +6.6 on the Bland-Altman plot throughout the measurements. Conclusion: The formula presented here may be a reliable alternative to direct measurement of serum chloride when direct results are not available.
http://www.jept.ir/article_42195_09a3c58446384702af58a6799783ca06.pdf
2017-07-01
42
45
10.15171/jept.2016.16
Arterial blood gas (ABG)
Total buffer base (TBB)
Anion gap (AG)
Serum chloride
Reza
Hashemi
pezeshkmajidy@yahoo.com
1
Shohada-e Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Majidi
alirezamajidi330@yahoo.com
2
Department of Emergency Medicine, Shohada-e Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
Tabatabaey
alitabtab@gmail.com
3
Department of Emergency Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
AUTHOR
Sadrollah
Mahmoudi
4
Department of Emergency Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Morisson G. Serum chloride. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, eds. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd ed. Boston: Butterworths; 1990.
1
Seifter JL. Integration of acid–base and electrolyte disorders. N Engl J Med 2014; 371(19): 1821-31. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1215672.
2
Funk GC, Doberer D, Heinze G, Madl C, Holzinger U, Schneeweiss B. Changes of serum chloride and metabolic acid-base state in critical illness. Anaesthesia 2004; 59(11): 1111-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.03901.x.
3
Kimura S, Matsumoto S, Muto N, Yamanoi T, Higashi T, Nakamura K, et al. Association of serum chloride concentration with outcomes in postoperative critically ill patients: a retrospective observational study. J Intensive Care 2014; 2(1): 39. doi: 10.1186/2052-0492-2-39.
4
McCallum L, Jeemon P, Hastie CE, Patel RK, Williamson C, Redzuan AM, et al. Serum chloride is an independent predictor of mortality in hypertensive patients. Hypertension 2013; 62(5): 836-43. doi: 10.1161/ HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01793.
5
Panteghini M, Bonora R, Malchiodi A, Calarco M. Evaluation of the direct potentiometric method for serum chloride determination--comparison with the most commonly employed methodologies. Clin Biochem 1986; 19(1): 20-5. doi: 10.1016/s0009-9120(86)80066-2.
6
Parham H, Zargar B. Simultaneous coulometric determination of iodide, bromide and chloride in a mixture by automated coupling of constant current chronopotentiometry and square wave voltammetry. Analytica Chimica Acta 2002; 464(1): 115-22. doi: 10.1016/ s0003-2670(02)00379-3.
7
Sekerka I, Lechner JF. Ion selective electrode for determination of chloride ion in biological materials, food products, soils and waste water. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 1978; 61(6): 1493-5.
8
Tavallali H, Deilamy Rad G, Parhami A, Abbasiyan E. Colorimetric detection of copper and chloride in DMSO/H2O media using bromopyrogallol red as a chemosensor with analytical applications. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2012; 97: 60-5. doi: 10.1016/j. saa.2012.05.071.
9
Arai K, Kusu F, Noguchi N, Takamura K, Osawa H. Selective determination of chloride and bromide ions in serum by cyclic voltammetry. Anal Biochem 1996; 240(1): 109-13. doi: 10.1006/abio.1996.0336.
10
Stewart PA. Modern quantitative acid-base chemistry. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1983; 61(12): 1444-61. doi: 10.1139/ y83-207.
11
Schoenfeld RG, Lewellen CJ. A colorimetric method for determination of serum chloride. Clin Chem 1964; 10: 533-9.
12
Rees SE, Toftegaard M, Andreassen S. A method for calculation of arterial acid-base and blood gas status from measurements in the peripheral venous blood. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2006; 81(1): 18-25.
13
Rink N, Zappitelli M. Estimation of glomerular filtration rate with and without height: effect of age and renal function level. Pediatr Nephrol 2015; 30(8): 1327-36. doi: 10.1007/s00467-015-3063-0.
14
Casado Cerrada J, Carrasco Sanchez FJ, Perez-Calvo JI, Manzano L, Formiga F, Aramburu Bodas O, et al. Prognostic value of glomerular filtration rate estimation equations in acute heart failure with preserved versus reduced ejection fraction. Int J Clin Pract 2015; 69(8): 829-39. doi: 10.1111/ ijcp.12616.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Types of trauma in different seasons in patients referred to Imam Reza Hospital Trauma Center
Objective: Trauma is a disease of modern societies and one of the reasons for the deaths of all ages in those societies. It is estimated that each year about 8.5 million people worldwide lose their lives as a result of trauma. Among the types of injuries around the world, road accidents are more common. We conducted this study to compare types of trauma in different seasons in patients referred to Imam Reza hospital trauma center in 2013. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all trauma patients admitted to Trauma Emergency Department of Imam Reza hospital in Tabriz entered the study. As this study did not focus on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, we used epidemiological data from history and physical examination as a source. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used for data analysis. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 15.0. Results: Of all 23 876 patients, 18 044 patients (75.6%) were male and 5832 (24.4%) were female. The prevalence of majority of trauma cases was 11.2% (2671) and occurred in September. Traffic accidents were the most common cause of trauma in patients with a prevalence of 33.9% (8095). Head injury had a prevalence of 38.6%. We did not find any correlation between age of patients, gender, type of injuries and the affected limb. Conclusion: Findings showed that trauma is more prevalent among males and younger people. Thus, proper planning and stringent traffic rules can reduce accident rate.
http://www.jept.ir/article_42199_cd917133c0595d548fb44df84d8bdfa1.pdf
2017-07-01
46
48
10.15171/jept.2016.12
Trauma
Imam Reza
Different seasons
Samad
Shams Vahdati
sshamsv@gmail.com
1
Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kavous
Shahsavari Nia
2
Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Sarvin
Dalil
sarvin.dalil@gmail.com
3
Internal Medicine Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Paria
Habibollahi
4
Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Behzad
Yousefi
5
Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Dunser M, Duranteau J, Geeraerts T. Severe and Multiple Trauma: clinical problems. European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM); 2013. http://pact.esicm.org/ media/Multiple_trauma_Final_Version_4_Dec_2013.pdf
1
Marx JA, Hockberger R, Walls R. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2010.
2
Jager TE, Weiss HB, Coben JH, Pepe PE. Traumatic brain injuries evaluated in U.S. emergency departments, 1992- 1994. Acad Emerg Med 2000; 7(2): 134-40. doi: 10.1111/ j.1553-2712.2000.tb00515.x.
3
Peden M, McGee K, Sharma G. The Injury Chartbook: A Graphical Overview of the Global Burden of Injuries. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002.
4
Smith GS, Barss P. Unintentional injuries in developing countries: the epidemiology of a neglected problem. Epidemiol Rev 1991;13:228-66.
5
Nantulya VM, Reich MR. The neglected epidemic: road traffic injuries in developing countries. BMJ 2002; 324(7346): 1139-41. doi: 10.1136/bmj.324.7346.1139.
6
Agnihotri AK, Joshi HS. Pattern of Road Traffic Injuries: One Year Hospital-Based Study in Western Nepal. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2006; 13(2): 128-30. doi: 10.1080/17457300500310236.
7
Borse NN, Gilchrist J, Dellinger AM, Rudd RA, Ballesteros MF, Sleet DA. CDC childhood injury report: patterns of unintentional injuries among 0–19 year olds in the United States, 2000–2006. Atlanta, Georgia: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control; 2008.
8
Baker SP, ONeill BO, Ginsburg MJ, Li G. The Injury Fact Book. New York: Oxford University Press; 1992.
9
Aschkenasy MT, Rothenhaus TC. Trauma and Falls in the Elderly. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2006; 24(2): 413-32. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2006.01.005.
10
Alexander BH, Rivara FP, Wolf ME. The cost and frequency of hospitalization for fall-related injuries in older adults. Am J Public Health 1992; 82(7): 1020-3. doi: 10.2105/ ajph.82.7.1020.
11
Roudsari BS, Sharzei K, Zargar M. Sex and age distribution in transport-related injuries in Tehran. Accid Anal Prev 2004; 36(3): 391-8. doi: 10.1016/s0001-4575(03)00032-0.
12
Ogendi JO, Ayisi JG. Causes of injuries resulting in a visit to the emergency department of a Provincial General Hospital, Nyanza, western Kenya. Afr Health Sci 2011; 11(2): 255-61.
13
Patil SS, Kakade R, Durgawale P, Kakade S. Pattern of road traffic injuries: a study from Western maharashtra. Indian J Community Med 2008; 33(1): 56-7. doi: 10.4103/0970- 0218.39248.
14
Villaveces A, Mutter R, Owens PL, Barrett ML. Causes of injuries treated in the emergency department, 2010. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) statistical briefs. Rockville (MD): Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (US); 2013.
15
Fischler L, Röthlisberger M. Comparison between ski and snowboarding accidents. Current overview from the ski area Arosa (Switzerland) (1988/89 to 1994/95). Praxis (Bern 1994). 1996 Jun 11;85(24):777-82. [In German].
16
Çevik Y, Kavalcı C, Ülke E. Retrospective analysis of skiing injuries. Journal of Academic Emergency Medicine 2010; 9: 45-8.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency department
Objective: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique useful in the prevention of death or delaying it in a person with cardiac arrest. In this regard, demographic information about patients who need CPR is vital. Methods: In this cross-sectional study patients with cardiopulmonary arrest or arrhythmias admitted to Imam Reza and Sina educational hospitals of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences from 22 December 2013 to 21 December 2014 entered the study. Demographic information such as age, sex, cardiopulmonary resuscitation time, the place of cardiopulmonary arrest (outside or inside the hospital), the duration of resuscitation process, success or failure of the resuscitation process and the mechanism of cardiopulmonary arrest were obtained. Results: From a total of 354 cases of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 281 cases (79%) were unsuccessful and 73 cases (21%) were successful. The average age of patients was 59 ± 22 years. The average time of the resuscitation process was 31 ± 12 minutes. There was a significant difference between the mean of age and resuscitation time in patients who had experienced successful or unsuccessful resuscitation (P = 0.0001). There was a significant relationship between sex and the success rate of resuscitation (P = 0.0001). In addition, a significant relationship between the success of the resuscitation operation and the ward of resuscitation was observed (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: The most common mechanism leading to cardiopulmonary arrest among patients was asystole. In this regard, no significant difference was observed between successful and unsuccessful resuscitation processes. It was also observed that the success of resuscitation from 8 am to 4 pm was more than any other time period.
http://www.jept.ir/article_45272_512146ba23d23cb79e9afd295e8ad06d.pdf
2017-07-01
49
52
10.15171/jept.2017.14
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Cardiac arrest
Emergency Department
Seyed Hossein
Ojaghi Haghighi
1
Emergency Medicine Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Samad
Shams Vahdati
sshamsv@gmail.com
2
Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Tarannom
Mahmoudie
3
Emergency Medicine Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Pegah
Sepehri Majd
pegah.sm87@gmail.com
4
Emergency Medicine Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari
5
Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Shiri H, Golshani Golbaghi G, Nikravan Mofrad M. Comprehensive CPR in Adult. Tehran: Noore-Danesh Publication; 2001. p. 1-5. [In Persian].
1
Olotu A, Ndiritu M, Ismael M, Mohammed S, Mithwani S, Maitland K, et al. Characteristics and outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in hospitalised African children. Resuscitation 2009; 80(1): 69-72. doi: 10.1016/j. resuscitation.2008.09.019.
2
Lee K. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: new concept. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2012; 72(5): 401-8. doi: 10.4046/ trd.2012.72.5.401.
3
Rakić D, Rumboldt Z, Carević V, Bagatin J, Polić S, Pivac N, et al. In-hospital cardiac arrest and resuscitation outcomes: rationale for sudden cardiac death approach. Croat Med J 2005; 46(6): 907-12. doi: 10.1161/hc4701.099784.
4
Kim C, Fahrenbruch CE, Cobb LA, Eisenberg MS. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in men and women. Circulation 2001; 104(22): 2699-703.
5
Bellomo R, Goldsmith D, Uchino S, Buckmaster J, Hart GK, Opdam H, et al. A prospective before-and-after trial of a medical emergency team. Med J Aust 2003; 179(6): 283-8.
6
Shams Vahdati S, Ojaghi Haghighi S, Paknejad P, Fahimi R, Tajoddini S. One year evaluation of trauma patients’ death. Journal of Emergency Practice and Trauma 2016; 2(2): 31- 2. doi: 10.15171/jept.2016.07.
7
Tyrer F, Williams M, Feathers L, Faull C, Baker I. Factors that influence decisions about cardiopulmonary resuscitation: the views of doctors and medical students. Postgrad Med J 2009; 85(1009): 564-8. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2009.079491.
8
Salari A, Mohammad Nejad E, Vanaki Z, Ahmadi F. Effect of in-hospital cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation management on resuscitation outcomes. J Crit Care Nurs 2011; 4(1): 13-22.
9
Christenson J, Nafziger S, Compton S, Vijayaraghavan K, Slater B, Ledingham R, et al. The effect of time on CPR and automated external defibrillator skills in the Public Access Defibrillation Trial. Resuscitation 2007; 74(1): 52-62. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.11.005.
10
Ghaffarzadeh A, Shams Vahdati S, Salmasi S. Assessment of emergency medicine residents’ cardiopulmonary resuscitation team in imam reza hospital. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2012; 4(3): 85-6. doi: 10.5681/jcvtr.2012.021.
11
Benin AL, Borgstrom CP, Jenq GY, Roumanis SA, Horwitz LI. Defining impact of a rapid response team: qualitative study with nurses, physicians and hospital administrators. BMJ Qual Saf 2012; 21(5): 391-8. doi: 10.1136/ bmjqs-2011-000390.
12
Kazaure HS, Roman SA, Sosa JA. Epidemiology and outcomes of in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the United States, 2000–2009. Resuscitation 2013; 84(9): 1255-60. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.02.021.
13
Stapleton RD, Ehlenbach WJ, Deyo RA, Curtis JR. Long-term outcomes after in-hospital CPR in older adults with chronic illness. Chest 2014; 146(5): 1214-25. doi: 10.1378/ chest.13-2110.
14
Youness H, Al Halabi T, Hussein H, Awab A, Jones K, Keddissi J. Review and outcome of prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Crit Care Res Pract 2016; 2016: 7384649. doi: 10.1155/2016/7384649.
15
Pearson DA, Nelson RD, Monk L, Tyson C, Jollis JG, Granger CB, et al. Comparison of team-focused CPR vs standard CPR in resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: results from a statewide quality improvement initiative. Resuscitation 2016; 105: 165-72. doi: 10.1016/j. resuscitation.2016.04.008.
16
Miranzadeh S, Adib-Hajbaghery M, Hosseinpour N. A prospective study of survival after in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation and its related factors. Trauma Mon 2016; 21(1): e31796. doi: 10.5812/ traumamon.31796.
17
Tavakoli N, Bidari A, Shams Vahdati S. Serum cortisol levels as a predictor of neurologic survival in successfully resuscitated victims of cardiopulmonary arrest. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2012; 4(4): 107-11. doi: 10.5681/jcvtr.2012.026.
18
Goodarzi A, Jalali A, Almasi A, Naderipour A, Kalhori RP, Khodadadi A. Study of survival rate after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in hospitals of Kermanshah in 2013. Glob J Health Sci 2014; 7(1): 52-8. doi: 10.5539/gjhs. v7n1p52
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Surgical management of cardiac tamponade: Is left anterior minithoracotomy really safe and effective?
Objective: Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening clinical entity that requires an emergency treatment. Cardiac tamponade can be caused both by benign and malignant diseases. A variety of methods have been described for the treatment of these cases from needle-guided pericardiocentesis, balloon-based techniques to surgical pericardiotomy. The Authors report their experience in surgical management of cardiac tamponade and an exhaustive review of literature. Methods: This study involved 61 patients (37 males and 24 females) with an average age of 61.80 ± 16.32 years. All patients underwent emergency surgery due to the presence of cardiac tamponade. Results: Cardiac tamponade was caused by a benign disease in 57.40% of patients. In cancer patients group, lung cancer, breast cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma were the most common neoplasms (17-27, 87%). The average preoperative size of pericardial effusion at M-2D echocardiography was 30.15 ± 5.87 mm. Postoperative complications were observed in 11 patients (18%). The reoperation rate was 3.3% (2 patients) due to relapsed cardiac tamponade. 30-day mortality rate was 3.3%. Overall cumulative survival was 29.9 ± 20.1 months. Twenty-nine patients (47.5%) died during the follow up period. By dividing the population into two groups, group B (benign) and group M (malignant), there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) in terms of survival. Conclusion: In conclusions, anterior minithoracotomy for surgical treatment of cardiac tamponade has to be held into account in patients both with benign diseases and malignancies.
http://www.jept.ir/article_46324_008b9c2e05694c43e541552f40649b26.pdf
2017-07-01
53
58
10.15171/jept.2017.04
Cardiac tamponade
Minithoracotomy
Pericardial malignancies
Overall survival
Mirko
Barone
mir87mb@libero.it
1
Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
LEAD_AUTHOR
Marco
Prioletta
marco.prioletta@gmail.com
2
Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
AUTHOR
Giuseppe
Cipollone
g.cipollone@unich.it
3
Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
AUTHOR
Decio
Di Nuzzo
deciodoc@hotmail.com
4
Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
AUTHOR
Pierpaolo
Camplese
pcample@tin.it
5
Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
AUTHOR
Felice
Mucilli
fmucilli@unich.it
6
Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
AUTHOR
Sagristà-Sauleda J, Mercé AS, Soler-Soler J. Diagnosis and management of pericardial effusion. World J Cardiol 2011; 3(5): 135-43. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v3.i5.135.
1
Seferović PM, Ristić AD, Imazio M, Maksimović R, Simeunović D, Trinchero R, et al. Management strategies in pericardial emergencies. Herz 2006; 31(9): 891-900. doi: 10.1007/s00059-006-2937-0.
2
LeWinter MM, Tischler MD. Pericardial diseases. In: Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P, eds. Braunwald’s Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 9th ed. Philadlephia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2011.
3
Beck CS. Two cardiac compression triads. JAMA 1935; 104 (9): 714-6. doi: 10.1001/jama.1935.02760090018005.
4
Tsang TS, Enriquez-Sarano M, Freeman WK, Barnes ME, Sinak LJ, Gersh BJ, et al. Consecutive 1127 therapeutic echocardiographically guided pericardiocenteses: clinical profile, practice patterns, and outcomes spanning 21 years. Mayo Clin Proc 2002; 77(5): 429-36. doi: 10.4065/77.5.429.
5
Vaitkus PT, Herrmann HC, LeWinter MM. Treatment of malignant pericardial effusion. JAMA 1994; 272(1): 59-64. doi: 10.4065/77.5.429.
6
Swanson N, Mirza I, Wijesinghe N, Devlin G. Primary percutaneous balloon pericardiotomy for malignant pericardial effusion. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2008; 71(4): 504-7. doi: 10.1002/ccd.21431.
7
Mercé J, Sagristà-Sauleda J, Permanyer-Miralda G, Soler- Soler J. Should pericardial drainage be performed routinely in patients who have a large pericardial effusion without tamponade? Am J Med 1998; 105(2): 106-9. doi: 10.1016/ s0002-9343(98)00192-2.
8
Georghiou GP, Stamler A, Sharoni E, Fichman-Horn S, Berman M, Vidne BA, et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic pericardial window for diagnosis and management of pericardial effusions. Ann Thorac Surg 2005; 80(2): 607-10. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.02.068.
9
Fortuño Andrés JR, Alguersuari Cabiscol A, Falcó Fages J, Castañer González E, Bermudez Bencerrey P. Radiological approach to cardiac tamponade. Radiologia 2010; 52(5): 414-24. doi: 10.1016/j.rx.2010.05.011. [In Spanish].
10
Liberman M, Labos C, Sampalis JS, Sheiner NM, Mulder DS. Ten-year surgical experience with nontraumatic pericardial effusions: a comparison between the subxyphoid and transthoracic approaches to pericardial window. Arch Surg 2005; 140(2): 191-5. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.140.2.191.
11
Eisenberg MJ, de Romeral LM, Heidenreich PA, Schiller NB, Evans GT Jr. The diagnosis of pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade by 12-lead ECG. A technology assessment. Chest 1996; 110(2): 318-24. doi: 10.1378/ chest.110.2.318.
12
Karatay CM, Fruehan CT, Lighty GW Jr, Spear RM, Smulyan H. Acute pericardial distension in pigs: effect of fluid conductance on body surface electrocardiogram QRS size. Cardiovasc Res 1993; 27(6): 1033-8. doi: 10.1093/ cvr/27.6.1033.
13
Bruch C, Schmermund A, Dagres N, Bartel T, Caspari G, Sack S, et al. Changes in QRS voltage in cardiac tamponade and pericardial effusion: reversibility after pericardiocentesis and after anti-inflammatory drug treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 38(1): 219-26. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01313-4.
14
Gumrukcuoglu HA, Odabasi D, Akdag S, Ekim H. Management of cardiac tamponade: a comperative study between echo-guided pericardiocentesis and surgery-a report of 100 patients. Cardiol Res Pract 2011; 2011: 197838. doi: 10.4061/2011/197838.
15
Barbetakis N, Asteriou C, Konstantinou D, Giannoglou D, Tsilikas C, Giannoglou G. Spontaneous chylous cardiac tamponade: a case report. J Cardiothorac Surg 2010; 5: 11. doi: 10.1186/1749-8090-5-11.
16
Maharaj SS, Chang SM. Cardiac tamponade as the initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2015; 13: 9. doi: 10.1186/s12969-015-0005-0.
17
Hellmann AR, Kostro J, Dziedzic R, Hellmann M, Dudziak M. Cardiac tamponade as the first manifestation of primary hypothyroidism. Kardiol Pol 2015; 73(9): 786. doi: 10.5603/ kp.2015.0168.
18
Sinha A, Yeruva SL, Kumar R, Curry BH. Early cardiac tamponade in a patient with postsurgical hypothyroidism. Case Rep Cardiol 2015; 2015: 310350. doi: 10.1155/2015/310350.
19
Goh AC, Lundstrom RJ. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection with cardiac tamponade. Tex Heart Inst J 2015; 42(5): 479-82. doi: 10.14503/THIJ-14-4260.
20
Allen KB, Faber LP, Warren WH, Shaar CJ. Pericardial effusion: subxiphoid pericardiostomy versus percutaneous catheter drainage. Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 67(2): 437-40. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(98)01192-8.
21
Gassman HS, Meadows R, Baker LA. Metastatic tumors of the heart. Am J Med 1955; 19(3): 357-65. doi:10.1016/0002- 9343(55)90124-8.
22
Tsang TS, El-Najdawi EK, Seward JB, Hagler DJ, Freeman WK, O’Leary PW. Percutaneous echocardiographically guided pericardiocentesis in pediatric patients: evaluation of safety and efficacy. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1998; 11(11): 1072-7. doi: 10.1016/s0894-7317(98)70159-2.
23
Fitch MT, Nicks BA, Pariyadath M, McGinnis HD, Manthey DE. Videos in clinical medicine. Emergency pericardiocentesis. N Engl J Med 2012; 366(12): e17. doi: 10.1056/nejmvcm0907841.
24
Maisch B, Seferović PM, Ristić AD, Erbel R, Rienmüller R, Adler Y, et al. Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases executive summary; The Task force on the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases of the European society of cardiology. Eur Heart J 2004; 25(7): 587-610. doi: 10.1016/j.ehj.2004.02.002.
25
Wong B, Murphy J, Chang CJ, Hassenein K, Dunn M. The risk of pericardiocentesis. Am J Cardiol 1979; 44(6): 1110– 4.
26
Ainsworth CD, Salehian O. Echo-guided pericardiocentesis: Let the bubbles show the way. Circulation 2011; 123(4): e210–1. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.005512.
27
Fejka M, Dixon SR, Safian RD, O’Neill WW, Grines CL, Finta B, et al. Diagnosis, management, and clinical outcome of cardiac tamponade complicating percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol 2002; 90(11): 1183-6. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(02)02831-x.
28
Kopecky SL, Callahan JA, Tajik AJ, Seward JB. Percutaneous pericardial catheter drainage: report of 42 consecutive cases. Am J Cardiol 1986; 58(7): 633-5. doi: 10.1016/0002- 9149(86)90290-0.
29
Celermajer DS, Boyer MJ, Bailey BP, Tattersall MH. Pericardiocentesis for symptomatic malignant pericardial effusion: a study of 36 patients. Med J Aust 1991; 154(1): 19-22.
30
Tanaka Y, Tsuboi K, Yamamoto A, Tsuda S, Tsujii S, Yagi K, et al. Long-term survival of a breast cancer patient with carcinomatous pleuritis and carcinomatous cardiac tamponade successfully treated by multimodality therapy. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2015; 42(4): 489-92. [In Japanese].
31
Lestuzzi C, Berretta M, Tomkowski W. 2015 update on the diagnosis and management of neoplastic pericardial disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2015; 13(4): 377-89. doi: 10.1586/14779072.2015.1025754.
32
Sun T, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Hu K, Zuo M. A case of advanced lung cancer with malignant pericardial effusion treated by intrapericardial Cinobufacini injection instillation. Biosci Trends 2014; 8(4): 235-9. doi: 10.5582/bst.2014.01073.
33
McDonald JM, Meyers BF, Guthrie TJ, Battafarano RJ, Cooper JD, Patterson GA. Comparison of open subxiphoid pericardial drainage with percutaneous catheter drainage for symptomatic pericardial effusion. Ann Thorac Surg 2003; 76(3): 811-5. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(03)00665-9.
34
Buchanan CL, Sullivan VV, Lampman R, Kulkarni MG. Pericardiocentesis with extended catheter drainage: an effective therapy. Ann Thorac Surg 2003; 76(3): 817-20. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(03)00666-0
35
Watarida S, Shiraishi S, Matsubayashi K, Imura M, Nishi T. Pericardial-peritoneal window for chronic exudative pericarditis using a subxiphoidal approach: report of three cases. Surg Today 2002; 32(5): 410-3. doi: 10.1007/ s005950200064.
36
Kurimoto Y, Hase M, Nara S, Yama N, Kawaharada N, Morishita K, et al. Blind subxiphoid pericardiotomy for cardiac tamponade because of acute hemopericardium. J Trauma 2006; 61(3): 582-5. doi: 10.1097/01. ta.0000236060.37952.ce
37
Uramoto H, Hanagiri T. Video-assisted thoracoscopic pericardiectomy for malignant pericardial effusion. Anticancer Res 2010; 30(11): 4691-4.
38
Muhammad MI. The pericardial window: is a video-assisted thoracoscopy approach better than a surgical approach? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2011; 12(2): 174-8. doi: 10.1510/icvts.2010.243725.
39
Georghiou GP, Porat E, Fuks A, Vidne BA, Saute M. Video-assisted pericardial fenestration for effusions after cardiac surgery. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2009; 17(5): 480-2. doi: 10.1177/0218492309348505.
40
Pérez-Etchepare E, Al Makki A, Varlet F, López M. Thoracoscopic treatment in pericardial tamponade. Cir Pediatr.2012; 25(3): 166-8.
41
Agrawal V, Saxena A, Sethi A, Acharya H, Sharma D. Thoracoscopic pericardiotomy for management of purulent pneumococcal pericarditis in a child. Asian J Endosc Surg 2012; 5(3): 145-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1758-5910.2011.00129.x.
42
Monaco F, Barone M, David A, Risitano DC, Lentini S. Cardiac tamponade: a modified video-assisted thoracoscopic approach. Chir Ital 2009; 61(3): 321-6. [In Italian].
43
Olsen PS, Sørensen C, Andersen HO. Surgical treatment of large pericardial effusions. Etiology and long-term survival. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1991; 5(8): 430-2. doi: 10.1016/1010-7940(91)90189-q.
44
Gregory JR, McMurtrey MJ, Mountain CF. A surgical approach to the treatment of pericardial effusion in cancer patients. Am J Clin Oncol 1985; 8(4): 319-23.
45
Celik S, Celik M, Aydemir B, Tanrıkulu H, Okay T, Tanrikulu N. Surgical properties and survival of a pericardial window via left minithoracotomy for benign and malignant pericardial tamponade in cancer patients. World J Surg Oncol 2012; 10: 123. doi: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-123.
46
Kuvin JT, Harati NA, Pandian NG, Bojar RM, Khabbaz KR. Postoperative cardiac tamponade in the modern surgical era. Ann Thorac Surg 2002; 74(4): 1148-53. doi: 10.1016/ s0003-4975(02)03837-7.
47
Miller RH, Horneffer PJ, Gardner TJ, Rykiel MF, Pearson TA. The epidemiology of the postpericardiotomy syndrome: a common complication of cardiac surgery. Am Heart J 1988; 116(5 Pt 1): 1323-9. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(88)90457-7.
48
Nishimura RA, Fuster V, Burgert SL, Puga FJ. Clinical features and long-term natural history of the postpericardiotomy syndrome. Int J Cardiol 1983; 4(4): 443-50. doi: 10.1016/0167-5273(83)90194-8.
49
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The prevalence of personality disorders in nurses: role of the workplace environment
Objective: Personality disorder is a multi-factorial condition in which workplace stress plays a significant role. This study was undertaken due to scarcity of information regarding the role of workplace stress which can cause personality disorder among nurses. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of personality disorders in nurses working in different hospital departments and assess factors affecting its onset. Methods: In this cross-sectional study the personality disorders of nurses working in various hospital departments were evaluated based on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) test. After the completion of questionnaires, data were entered to MMPI-2 test’s special software and the final result was interpreted based on the opinion of a clinical psychologist. Finally, multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the independent effect of the mentioned factors on prevalence of personality disorders in nurses. Results: We gathered data from 2 groups of participants (n = 206). These groups included nurses in emergency departments and nurses in other hospital units. The mean of age was 32.5 ± 6.9 years. Overall, 54.3% (n = 38) of non-emergency nurses and 45.7% (n = 32) of emergency nurses showed symptoms of personality disorders respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that history of a serious accident or trauma increased the odds of detecting personality disorders up to 3.8 times (odds ratio [OR] = 3.84; 95% CI: 1.33-11.06; P = 0.01). In addition, an unpleasant incident in the past year increased it up to 2.2 times (OR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.18 – 4.22; P = 0.01) in both groups. Conclusion: The present study showed that there was no significant difference between emergency departments and other units of hospitals regarding the prevalence of personality disorders among nurses. Overall, somatization, hysteria, and pollyannaish were the most common personality disorders among the studied population
http://www.jept.ir/article_46519_bedee0150a5ae496bf7c42222dc0107e.pdf
2017-07-01
59
63
10.15171/jept.2017.22
Personality disorders
burnout
professional
Workplace
Nurses
Sahar
Mirbaha
1
Department of Emergency Medicine, Imam Hosein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Parvin
Kashani
p_kashani_md@yahoo.com
2
Department of Emergency Medicine, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Arhami Dolatabadi
3
Department of Emergency Medicine, Imam Hosein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Afshin
Amini
4
Department of Emergency Medicine, Imam Hosein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Farahnaz
Meschi
5
Department of Clinical Psychology, Karaj Branch Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Baratloo
6
Department of Emergency Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kessler RC, Demler O, Frank RG, Olfson M, Pincus HA, Walters EE, et al. Prevalence and treatment of mental disorders, 1990 to 2003. N Engl J Med 2005; 352(24): 2515- 23. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa043266.
1
Escribà-Agüir V, Martín-Baena D, Pérez-Hoyos S. Psychosocial work environment and burnout among emergency medical and nursing staff. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2006; 80(2): 127-33. doi: 10.1007/s00420- 006-0110-y.
2
Adriaenssens J, De Gucht V, Maes S. Determinants and prevalence of burnout in emergency nurses: a systematic review of 25 years of research. Int J Nurs Stud 2015; 52(2): 649-61. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.11.004.
3
Forouzanfar MM, Alitaleshi H, Hashemi B, Baratloo A, Motamedi M, Majidi A, et al. Emergency nurses’ job satisfaction and its determinants in the hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Advances in Nursing & Midwifery 2013; 23(80): 10-14. [In Persian].
4
Visser MR, Smets EM, Oort FJ, De Haes HC. Stress, satisfaction and burnout among Dutch medical specialists. CMAJ 2003; 168(3): 271-5.
5
Spence Laschinger HK, Leiter MP. The impact of nursing work environments on patient safety outcomes: The mediating role of burnout engagement. J Nurs Adm 2006; 36(5): 259-67.
6
Baratloo A, Maleki M. Iranian emergency department overcrowding. Journal of Emergency Practice and Trauma 2015; 1(2): 39.
7
Garrosa E, Moreno-Jimenez B, Liang Y, González JL. The relationship between socio-demographic variables, job stressors, burnout, and hardy personality in nurses: an exploratory study. Int J Nurs Stud 2008; 45(3): 418-27. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.09.003.
8
Garrosa E, Rainho C, Moreno-Jimenez B, Monteiro MJ. The relationship between job stressors, hardy personality, coping resources and burnout in a sample of nurses: a correlational study at two time points. Int J Nurs Stud 2010; 47(2): 205-15. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.05.014.
9
Butcher JN, Dahlstrom WG, Graham JR, Tellegen A, Kaemmer B. Manual for the restandardized Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory: MMPI-2. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press; 1989.
10
Temple R. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer; 2011. p. 1629-32.
11
Lenzenweger MF. Epidemiology of Personality Disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2008; 31(3): 395-403. doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2008.03.003.
12
Grant BF, Chou SP, Goldstein RB, Huang B, Stinson FS, Saha TD, et al. Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV borderline personality disorder: results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J Clin Psychiatry 2008; 69(4): 533-45.
13
Coid J, Yang M, Tyrer P, Roberts A, Ullrich S. Prevalence and correlates of personality disorder in Great Britain. The Br J Psychiatry 2006; 188(5): 423-31. doi: 10.1192/ bjp.188.5.423.
14
Mealer M, Jones J, Newman J, McFann KK, Rothbaum B, Moss M. The presence of resilience is associated with a healthier psychological profile in intensive care unit (ICU) nurses: results of a national survey. Int J Nurs Stud 2012; 49(3): 292-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.09.015.
15
Carson MA, Paulus LA, Lasko NB, Metzger LJ, Wolfe J, Orr SP, et al. Psychophysiologic assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam nurse veterans who witnessed injury or death. Consult Clin Psychol 2000; 68(5): 890-7.
16
Yang Y, Koh D, Ng V, Lee FC, Chan G, Dong F, et al. Salivary cortisol levels and work-related stress among emergency department nurses. J Occup Environ Med 2001; 43(12): 1011-8.
17
Xue C, Ge Y, Tang B, Liu Y, Kang P, Wang M, et al. A meta-analysis of risk factors for combat-related PTSD among military personnel and veterans. PloS One 2015; 10(3): e0120270. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120270.
18
Jahn DR, Poindexter EK, Cukrowicz KC. Personality disorder traits, risk factors, and suicide ideation among older adults. Int Psychogeriatr 2015; 27(11): 1785-94. doi: 10.1017/S1041610215000174
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Lateral condyle fracture with concomitant postero-medial elbow dislocation in a child: a case report
Simultaneous combination of fracture of the lateral condyle and postero-medial elbow dislocation is a rare event and limited to few reports or case series in the literature. Rarity of the injury also necessitates judicious diagnosis and appropriate management to ensure optimal functional outcome. Various authors have reported about the condition including the management which mostly includes surgical intervention. A report of one such injury pattern in an 8 years old male child with operative management and satisfactory outcome is presented to highlight the presence of this rare combination and adherence to standard treatment protocols to address them. The report is an addition to the limited resources available on similar fractures and highlights the importance of ruling out possible associated injuries in cases of elbow dislocations. A good fixation of lateral condyle fracture is instrumental to avoid late complications leading to poor functional outcome. The early and supervised rehabilitation also plays a role in ensuring successful return to activities of daily living.
http://www.jept.ir/article_13052_a717e657074548fe8a2c1857052bb7d6.pdf
2017-07-01
64
65
10.15171/jept.2015.21
Dislocations
elbow
fracture
Lateral Condyle
Pediatrics
Ganesh Singh
Dharmshaktu
1
Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Wilkins KE. Fractures and dislocations of the elbow region. In: Rockwood CA Jr, Wilkins KE, King RE, eds. Fractures in Children. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1996. p. 680.
1
Rasool MN. Dislocations of the elbow in children. J Bone Joint Surg 2004; 86(7): 1050-58. doi: 10.1302/0301-620x.86b7.14505.
2
Kirkos JM, Beslikas TA, Papavasiliou VA. Posteromedial dislocation of elbow with lateral condyle fracture in children. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2003; (408): 232-6.
3
Hardacre JA, Nahigian SH, Froimson AI, Brown JE. Fractures of the lateral condyle of the humerus in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1971; 53(6): 1083-95.
4
Pouliart N, DeBoeck H. Posteromedial dislocation of elbow with associated intraarticular entrapment of lateral epicondyle. J Orthop Trauma 2002; 16(1):53-56.
5
Milch H. Fractures and fracture dislocations of the humeral condyles. J Trauma 1964; 4(5): 592-607. doi: 10.1097/00005373-196409000-00004.
6
Rutherford A. Fractures of the lateral humeral condyle in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1985; 67(6): 851-6.
7
Wilkins KE. Fractures and dislocations of the elbow region. In: Rockwood CA, Wilkins KE, King RE, eds. Fractures in Children. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 1991. p. 618-54.
8
Sharma H, Ayer R, Taylor GR. Complex pediatric elbow injury: an uncommon case. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2005; 6: 13. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-6-13.
9
Cheng PG, Chang WN, Wang MN. Posteromedial dislocation of the elbow with lateral condyle fracture in children. J Chin Med Assoc 2009; 72(2): 103-7. doi: 10.1016/S1726-4901(09)70033-4.
10
Rovinsky D, Ferguson C, Younis A, Otsuka NY. Pediatric elbow dislocation associated with a milch type I lateral condyle fracture of the humerus. J Orthop Trauma 1999; 13(6): 458-60. doi: 10.1097/00005131-199908000-00012.
11
Murnaghan JM, Thompson NS, Taylor TC, Cosgrove AP, Ballard J. Fracture lateral epicondyle with associated elbow dislocation. Int J Clin Pract 2002; 56(6): 475-7.
12
Cheng PG, Chen CC, Wu SK, Wang MN. Posteromedial dislocation of the elbow with lateral condyle fracture: The fractured lateral condyle adheres to the radial head. Formosan Journal of Musculoskeletal Disorders 2012; 3(2): 66-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fjmd.2012.03.006.
13
Naik M, Madi SS, Vijayan S, Rao S. A rare pediatric trauma – Lateral condyle humerus fracture with concomitant postero-medial elbow dislocation. Hand Microsurg 2015; 4(3): 75-8. doi: 10.5455/handmicrosurg.185151.
14
Agrawal PS, Chaudhary SD, Mitra SR. Posteromedial dislocation of the elbow with associated fracture of the lateral humeral condyle in children. MedPulse- International Medical Journal 2015; 2(7): 388-90.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Intussusceptions due to trauma in a 17-month-old infant
Invagination is a kind of intestine disease in children and it is occurred between 2 upto 14 years old. This is a report of 17 months infant with intussusception due to trauma. The patient had admitted to emergency department because of motor vehicle accident and because of abdominal pain, abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan was done.
http://www.jept.ir/article_13051_92b9fff14afb5916a3b4de4326b13814.pdf
2017-07-01
66
67
10.15171/jept.2015.14
Intussusception
Trauma
Infant
Haleh
Mousavi
1
Emergency Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Samad
Shams Vahdati
sshamsv@gmail.com
2
Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Roshan
Fahimi
3
Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Bines JE, Kohl KS, Forster J, Zanardi LR, Davis RL, Hansen J, et al. Acute intussusception in infants and children as an adverse event following immunization: case definition and guidelines of data collection, analysis, and presentation. Vaccine 2004; 22(5-6): 569-74.
1
Bines JE, Patel M, Parashar U. Assessment of postlicensure safety of rotavirus vaccines, with emphasis on intussusception. J Infect Dis 2009; 200 Suppl 1: S282-90. doi: 10.1086/605051.
2
Walsh PF, Crawford D, Crossling FT, Sutherland GR, Negrette JJ, Shand J. The value of immediate ultrasound in acute abdominal conditions: a critical appraisal. Clin Radiol 1990; 42(1): 47-9.
3
Nonose R, Valenciano JS, da Silva CM, de Souza CA, Martinez CA. Ileal intussusception caused by Vanek’s tumor: a case report. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2011; 5(1): 110–116. doi: 10.1159/000326930.
4
Murphy TV, Gargiullo PM, Massoudi MS, Nelson DB, Jumaan AO, et al. Intussusception among infants given an oral rotavirus vaccine. N Engl J Med 2001; 344(8): 564-72. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200102223440804.
5
Patel MM, Haber P, Baggs J, Zuber P, Bines JE, Parashar UD. Intussusception and rotavirus vaccination: a review of the available evidence. Expert Rev Vaccines 2009; 8(11): 1555- 64. doi: 10.1586/erv.09.106.
6
Allemann F, Cassina P, Rothlin M, Largiader F. Ultrasound scans done by surgeons for patients with acute abdominal pain: a prospective study. Eur J Surg 1999; 165(10): 966-70. doi: 10.1080/110241599750008099.
7
Rosen MP, Siewert B, Sands DZ, Bromberg R, Edlow J, Raptopoulos V. Value of abdominal CT in the emergency department for patients with abdominal pain. Eur Radiol 2003; 13(2): 418-24. doi: 10.1007/s00330-002-1715-5.
8
Erkan N, Haciyanli M, Yildirim M, Sayhan H, Vardar E, Polat AF. Intussusception in adults: an unusual and challenging condition for surgeons. Int J Colorectal Dis 2005; 20(5): 452-6. doi: 10.1007/s00384-004-0713-2.
9
Bays D, Anagnostopoulos GK, Katsaounos E, Filis P, Missas S. Inflammatory fibroid polyp of the small intestine causing intussusception: a report of two cases. Dig Dis Sci 2004; 49(10): 1677-80.
10
Esses D, Birnbaum A, Bijur P, Shah S, Gleyzer A, Gallagher EJ. Ability of CT to alter decision making in elderly patients with acute abdominal pain. Am J Emerg Med 2004; 22(4): 270-2.
11
Barussaud M, Regenet N, Briennon X, de Kerviler B, Pessaux P, Kohneh-Sharhi N, et al. Clinical spectrum and surgical approach of adult intussusceptions: a multicentric study. Int J Colorectal Dis 2006; 21(8): 834-9. doi: 10.1007/ s00384-005-0789-3.
12
Tan KY, Tan SM, Tan AG, Chen CY, Chng HC, Hoe MN. Adult intussusception: experience in Singapore. ANZ J Surg 2003; 73(12): 1044-7.
13
Sampson MA, Lyons TJ, Nottingham J, Naik D. Ultrasound diagnosis of recurrent intussusception due to inflammatory fibroid polyp of the ileum. J Ultrasound Med 1990; 9(7): 423-5.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Carotid artery thrombosis and cerebral infarction after multiple traumas
Carotid artery thrombosis and concomitant brain infarction after blunt trauma are rare conditions. We report a 34-year-old woman with multiple traumas due to pedestrian car accident. At the time of initial visiting, she was somnolent and her Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score was 14. Initial vital signs (V/S) and brain computed tomography (CT) scan were normal. One day after admission to the emergency observation unit, GCS improved to 15 but right-sided hemiparesis occurred. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed brain infarction and Doppler sonography indicated internal carotid artery thrombosis. She was admitted in the Neurosurgery ward and underwent anticoagulant therapy. With appropriate treatment, the patient’s condition improved after 5 days of admission and she was discharged on oral warfarin treatment and close follow up. Although there is no ideal treatment for traumatic internal carotid artery thrombosis, it seems that in most cases anticoagulation therapy is the preferred method of treatment but in some patients surgical or endovascular revascularization is indicated.
http://www.jept.ir/article_14932_d44508628ddc7e00f20f4924ebbff9cc.pdf
2017-07-01
68
70
10.15171/jept.2016.01
Trauma
brain
infarction
Accidents
Gholamreza
Faridaalaee
grf.aalae@yahoo.com
1
Emergency Medicine Department, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
AUTHOR
Bahman
Naghipour
2
Department of Anesthesiology, Madani Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Sajjad
Ahmadi
3
Emergency Medicine Department, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Hesam
Rahmani
4
Emergency Medicine Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Biffl WL, Moore EE, Elliott JP, Ray C, Offner PJ, Franciose RJ, et al. The devastating potential of blunt vertebral arterial injuries. Ann Surg 2000; 231(5): 672-81.
1
Inamasu J, Guiot BH. Vertebral artery injury after blunt cervical trauma: an update. Surg Neurol 2006; 65(3): 238- 45.
2
Yanagawa Y, Iwamoto S, Nishi K. Pontine infarction induced by injury of the perforating branch of the basilar artery after blunt head impact: case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2008; 48(8): 343-6.
3
Crissey MM, Bernstein EF. Delayed presentation of carotid intimal tear following blunt craniocervical trauma. Surgery 1974; 75(4): 543-9.
4
Yamada S, Kindt GW, Youmans JR. Carotid artery occlusion due to nonpenetrating injury. J Trauma 1967; 7(3): 333-42.
5
Al-Sulaiman A, Bademosi O, Ismail H, Magboll G. Stroke in Saudi children. J Child Neurol 1999;14(5): 295-8.
6
Kilinçer C, Tiryaki M, Celik Y, Turgut N, Balci K, Utku U, et al. Cerebral infarction due to traumatic carotid artery dissection: case report and review of current management. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2008; 14(4): 333-7. [In Turkish].
7
Martin P, Humphrey PR. Disabling stroke arising five months after internal carotid artery dissection. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998; 65(1): 136-7. doi: 10.1136/ jnnp.65.1.136.
8
DiVincenti F, Weber B. Traumatic carotid artery injuries in civilian practice. Am Surg 1974; 40(5): 277-80.
9
Bradley EL 3rd. Management of penetrating carotid injuries: an alternative approach. J Trauma 1973; 13(3): 248-55.
10
Thal E, Snyder W 3rd, Hays R, Perry M. Management of carotid artery injuries. Surgery 1974; 76(6): 955-62.
11
Perry MO, Snyder WH, Thal ER. Carotid artery injuries caused by blunt trauma. Ann Surg 1980; 192(1): 74-7.
12
Biffl WL, Moore EE, Ryu RK, Offner PJ, Novak Z, Coldwell DM, et al. The unrecognized epidemic of blunt carotid arterial injuries: early diagnosis improves neurologic outcome. Ann Surg 1998; 228(4): 462-70.
13
Fabian TC, Patton JH Jr, Croce MA, Minard G, Kudsk KA, Pritchard FE. Blunt carotid injury. Importance of early diagnosis and anticoagulant therapy. Ann Surg 1996; 223(5): 513-22.
14
Faridaalaee G, Taghian A, Sattarzadeh Ghadim T. Posttraumatic hemicerebral infarction in a four-year-old girl. Trauma Mon 2014; 19(4): e16054. doi: 10.5812/ traumamon.16054.
15
Behzadnia H, Emamhadi MR, Yousefzadeh-Chabok S, Alijani B. Posttraumatic cerebellar infarction in a 2-year-old child. Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences 2015; 1(1): 49-54.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Two year-old boy with ischemic stroke
Arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in adults is considered a serious health threat and requires urgent medical treatment. Prompt diagnosis allows the therapeutic option of thrombolysis within the time window of 3 to 6 hours after first symptoms. Alternatively, early anti-platelet therapy is effective in improving the outcome after stroke. The incidence of pediatric AIS range from 2 to 5 per 100 000 children/year. Pediatric AIS has severity and long-term outcomes similar to those in young adults. Two-thirds of children sustaining AIS have neurological deficits that may result in life-long disability, thus critically impacting their potential development. On the other hand 10%-30% of the causes of acute strokes are of unknown reasons, therefore careful structural, metabolic and genetic risk factors, requiring more specific treatment, should also be considered in any cases of stroke in children. The diagnosis and treatment should be conducted on the basis of a multidisciplinary approach, including pediatric cardiology, hematology, neurology, neurosurgery and neuroradiology.
http://www.jept.ir/article_32048_c5b89fb804232ea3be5f2fdaa5e55fb7.pdf
2017-07-01
71
72
10.15171/jept.2016.03
ischemic stroke
children
Prognosis
Mustafa
Bolatkale
dr.mustafa46@hotmail.com
1
Department of Emergency Medicine, Medipol University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
AUTHOR
Çağdaş
Can
drcagdascan@gmail.com
2
Department of Emergency Medicine, Manisa State Hospital, Manisa, Turkey
AUTHOR
Ahmet
Çağdaş Acara
3
Department of Emergency Medicine, Bitlis State Hospital, Bitlis, Turkey
LEAD_AUTHOR
Wardlaw JM, Murray V, Berge E, Del Zoppo GJ. Thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;4:CD000213. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000213.pub2.
1
Sandercock PA, Counsell C, Gubitz GJ, Tseng MC. Antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2008;3:CD000029. doi: 10.1002/14651858. CD000029.pub2.
2
Steinlin M, Pfister I, Pavlovic J, Everts R, Boltshauser E, Capone Mori A, et al. The first three years of the Swiss Neuropaediatric Stroke Registry (SNPSR): a population-based study of incidence, symptoms, risk factors and short term outcome. Neuropediatrics 2005; 36(2): 90-7.
3
Bigi S, Fischer U, Wehrli E, Mattle HP, Boltshauser E, Bürki S, et al. Acute ischemic stroke in children versus young adults. Ann Neurol 2011; 70(2): 245-54. doi: 10.1002/ ana.22427.
4
deVeber GA, MacGregor D, Curtis R, Mayank S. Neurologic outcome in survivors of childhood arterial ischemic stroke and sinovenous thrombosis. J Child Neurol 2000; 15(5): 316-24.
5
Amlie-Lefond C, Sébire G, Fullerton HJ. Recent development in childhood arterial ischemic stroke. Lancet Neurol 2008; 7(5): 425-35. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70086-3.
6
Marzabadi LR, Shams Vahdati S, Alavi S. Two and a half year old girl with ischemic stroke due to trauma (Lollipop syndrome). Journal of Academic Emergency Medicine 2012; 11(4): 238-40. doi: 10.5152/jaem.2011.068.
7
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
For whom the desert bell tolls: heat stroke or stroke
Heat stroke is the most complicated and dangerous amongst heat injuries that can lead to irreversible injury and even death with itself or with creating predisposibility to different diseases. The following case report depicts a patient who presented primarily with impairment of consciousness after walking 45 km in the summer heat to cross the Syria-Turkey border and later syncope. This case report aims to highlight the possibility of higher co-incidence with heat stroke and stroke.
http://www.jept.ir/article_32049_d64f3edec514bd4253a7571d248f92f0.pdf
2017-07-01
73
74
10.15171/jept.2016.04
Refugee
Stroke
Heat
Mustafa
Bolatkale
dr.mustafa46@hotmail.com
1
Department of Emergency Medicine, Medipol University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
AUTHOR
Çağdaş
Can
drcagdascan@gmail.com
2
Department of Emergency Medicine, Manisa State Hospital, Manisa, Turkey
AUTHOR
Ahmet
Çağdaş Acara
3
Department of Emergency Medicine, Bitlis State Hospital, Bitlis, Turkey
LEAD_AUTHOR
Gisi K, Koksal N, Sayarlıoglu M, Köroğlu S, Çiralik H. Heat Stroke caused by electric blanket: a rare surviving case. Turk J Emerg Med 2013; 13(2): 86-8. doi: 10.5505/1304.7361.2013.02259.
1
Lipman GS, Eifling KP, Ellis MA, Gaudio FG, Otten EM, Grissom CK, et al. Wilderness Medical Society Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Heat- Related Illness. Wilderness Environ Med 2013; 24(4): 351- 61. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2013.07.004.
2
Glazer JL. Management of heatstroke and heat exhaustion. Am Fam Physician 2005; 71(11): 2133-40.
3
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A patient with a traumatic brain injury due to barrel bomb tertiary blast effect
Preparing to manage weapons of mass destruction events challenges emergency services systems neighboring Syria every day. Understanding injury from explosives is essential for all providers of emergency care in both civilian and military settings. In this case, the authors present a 22-year-old man who was admitted to the emergency department with displaced skull fracture, epidural hemorrhage and cerebral contusion due to barrel bomb tertiary blast effect. A 22-year-old man who complained of pain in the right temporal head region after barrel bomb explosion was admitted in the emergency department. The patient could not remember the explosion and found himself on the ground. In his medical history, there was not a record of any diseases, operations or traumas. Examination of the head revealed scalp hematoma and slump in the skull on the right temporal region. Patients computed tomography (CT) scan showed a displaced skull fracture, epidural hematoma and cerebral contusion.
http://www.jept.ir/article_32051_74230063f570907dd37aa17ef09149f7.pdf
2017-07-01
75
76
10.15171/jept.2016.10
Barrel bomb
Blast effect
Head trauma
Mustafa
Bolatkale
dr.mustafa46@hotmail.com
1
Medipol University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
AUTHOR
Çağdaş
Can
drcagdascan@gmail.com
2
Merkezefendi State Hospital, Manisa, Turkey
AUTHOR
Ahmet
Çağdaş Acara
3
Gaziemir State Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
LEAD_AUTHOR
Aydın
Sarıhan
4
Manisa State Hospital, Manisa, Turkey
AUTHOR
Frykberg ER. Medical management of disaster and mass casualties from terrorist bombings: How can we cope? J Trauma 2002;53(2):201-12. doi: 10.1097/01. TA.0000021586.40033.BA.
1
Kluger Y, Peleg K, Daniel-Aharonson L, Mayo A, Israeli Trauma Group. The special injury pattern in terrorist bombings. J Am Coll Surg 2004;199(6):875-9. doi: 10.1016/j. jamcollsurg.2004.09.003.
2
Taber KH, Warden DL, Hurley RA. Blast-Related Traumatic Brain Injury: What Is Known? J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2006;18(2):141-5. doi: 10.1176/jnp.2006.18.2.141.
3
Frykberg ER, TepasJJ 3rd. Terrorist bobmbings. Lesson learned from Belfast to Beriut. Ann Surg 1988; 208(5): 569- 76.
4